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Properties of substance:

sodium chloride

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless cubic crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

ClNa

Structural formula as text:

NaCl

Molar/atomic mass: 58.44

Melting point (°C):

801

Boiling point (°C):

1455

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,2,4-triazole: 3 (132°C) [Ref.]
1,4-dioxane: 0.000284 (25°C) [Ref.]
1-butanol: 0.005 (20°C) [Ref.]
1-hexanol: 0.001 (20°C) [Ref.]
1-pentanol: 0.002 (20°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 0.012 (25°C) [Ref.]
2-butanol: 0.00047 (25°C) [Ref.]
2-ethyl-1-hexanol: 0.0001 (20°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 0.0027 (25°C) [Ref.]
N-methylformamide: 3.2 (25°C) [Ref.]
acetic acid: 0.074 (30°C) [Ref.]
acetic acid: 0.162 (92°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 0.000032 (18°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 0.000044 (37°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.00015 (18°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.00025 (25°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 4.2 (-30°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 12.9 (0°C) [Ref.]
antimony trichloride: very slightly soluble [Ref.]
benzonitrile: insoluble [Ref.]
benzylic alcohol: 0.017 (20°C) [Ref.]
bromine liquid: 0.001 (25°C) [Ref.]
carbon dioxide liquid: insoluble [Ref.]
chlorine liquid: insoluble [Ref.]
deuterium oxide: 29.2 (0°C) [Ref.]
deuterium oxide: 30.1 (20°C) [Ref.]
deuterium oxide: 31.3 (50°C) [Ref.]
deuterium oxide: 33.9 (100°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: insoluble [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 0.04 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 0.26 (30.1°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 0.42 (76°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 30%: 17.51 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 40%: 13.25 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 50%: 9.77 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 60%: 5.96 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 75%: 0.661 (14°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 75%: 0.7 (15.2°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 75%: 0.736 (38°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 75%: 1.033 (71.5°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 80%: 1.22 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 95.5%: 0.174 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 95.5%: 0.171 (77.2°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.065 (18.5°C) [Ref.]
ethanolamine: 1.86 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: insoluble [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 46.4 (1.8°C) [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 7.15 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethylenediamine: 0.33 (25°C) [Ref.]
formamide: 9.4 (25°C) [Ref.]
formic acid 95%: 5.8 (19.7°C) [Ref.]
glycerol: 8.2 (25°C) [Ref.]
hydrazine: 8 (20°C) [Ref.]
hydrochloric acid 36.5%: 0.11 (30°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen cyanide: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : reaction [Ref.]
hydrogen peroxide: 17.6 (-14.5°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen peroxide: 18.4 (-10°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen peroxide: 20.5 (0°C) [Ref.]
hydroxylamine: 14.7 (17.5°C) [Ref.]
i-amyl alcohol: 0.0016 (20°C) [Ref.]
i-butanol: 0.0022 (20°C) [Ref.]
i-butanol: 0.0005 (20°C) [Ref.]
i-butanol: 0.0023 (30°C) [Ref.]
i-butanol: 0.0027 (40°C) [Ref.]
i-butanol: 0.0028 (50°C) [Ref.]
iodine monochloride: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
methanol: 1.41 (20°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 1.39 (25°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 1.37 (30°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 1.31 (40°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 1.27 (50°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 1.22 (60°C) [Ref.]
methyl acetate: insoluble [Ref.]
nickel tetracarbonyl: insoluble [Ref.]
oil of turpentine: insoluble [Ref.]
phosphorus(V) trichloride oxide: 0.018 [Ref.]
propylene carbonate: 0.00002 (25°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: insoluble [Ref.]
selenium(IV) oxychloride: 0.57 (25°C) [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: 0.016 (0°C) [Ref.]
tetrahydrofuran: 0.0225 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 35.7 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 35.9 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 36.4 (40°C) [Ref.]
water: 37.2 (60°C) [Ref.]
water: 38.1 (80°C) [Ref.]
water: 39.4 (100°C) [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 89.9975%, sodium chloride 10.%, silver chloride 0.0025%, 15 °C [Ref.]
water 77.9761%, sodium chloride 21.98%, silver chloride 0.0439%, 15 °C [Ref.]
water 73.563%, sodium chloride 26.31%, silver chloride 0.127%, 15 °C [Ref.]
water 94.4426%, sodium chloride 5.%, calcium sulfate 0.5574%, 20 °C, separating phase: CaSO4 * 2H2O [Ref.]
water 89.3462%, sodium chloride 10.%, calcium sulfate 0.6538%, 20 °C, separating phase: CaSO4 * 2H2O [Ref.]
water 84.3578%, sodium chloride 15.%, calcium sulfate 0.6422%, 20 °C, separating phase: CaSO4 * 2H2O [Ref.]
water 79.4101%, sodium chloride 20.%, calcium sulfate 0.5899%, 20 °C, separating phase: CaSO4 * 2H2O [Ref.]
water 98.6635%, sodium chloride 1.%, calcium sulfate 0.3365%, 20 °C, separating phase: CaSO4 * 2H2O [Ref.]
water 23.1%, IPA 75.2%, sodium chloride 1.7%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 64.38%, IPA 25.45%, sodium chloride 10.17%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 73.%, IPA 5.9%, sodium chloride 21.1%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 68.5%, sodium chloride 23.3%, potassium sulfate 6.1%, potassium chloride 2.1%, 20 °C, separating phase: NaCl + NaK3(SO4)2 [Ref.]
water 73.25%, sodium chloride 24.05%, sodium hydroxide 2.69%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl [Ref.]
water 71.99%, sodium chloride 17.04%, sodium hydroxide 10.97%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl [Ref.]
water 65.08%, sodium chloride 4.77%, sodium hydroxide 30.15%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl [Ref.]
water 58.%, sodium chloride 1.81%, sodium hydroxide 40.19%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl [Ref.]
water 50.96%, sodium chloride 1.03%, sodium hydroxide 48.01%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl [Ref.]
water 64.%, sodium chloride 23.3%, sucrose 12.7%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl [Ref.]
water 45.8%, sodium chloride 17.5%, sucrose 36.7%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl [Ref.]
water 40.8%, sodium chloride 16.2%, sucrose 43.%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl + NaCl * C12H22O11 * 2H2O [Ref.]
water 33.25%, sodium chloride 9.75%, sucrose 57.%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl * C12H22O11 * 2H2O [Ref.]
water 29.2%, sodium chloride 8.6%, sucrose 62.2%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl * C12H22O11 * 2H2O + C12H22O11 [Ref.]
water 26.8%, sodium chloride 11.5%, sucrose 61.7%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl + C12H22O11 [Ref.]
water 30.85%, sodium chloride 6.15%, sucrose 63.%, 25 °C, separating phase: C12H22O11 [Ref.]
water 32.38%, sodium chloride 1.62%, sucrose 66.%, 25 °C, separating phase: C12H22O11 [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

1% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0053 (20°)
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 16. (20°)
5% (wt.), solvent - water
  Surface Tension (mN/m) = 73.95 (18°)
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 70.1 (20°)
10% (wt.), solvent - water

  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.193 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0707 (20°)
  Surface Tension (mN/m) = 75.65 (18°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3505 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -6.56
  Thermal conductivity (W/m·K) = 35.38 (20°)
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 126. (20°)
20% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.557 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.1478 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3684 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -16.46
  Thermal conductivity (W/m·K) = 34.67 (20°)
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 204. (20°)
25% (wt.), solvent - water
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 222. (20°)
26% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.1972 (20°)

Numerical data:

Critical relative humidity (%): 75.3

Density:

2.165 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 0,22%. [Ref.1]
    2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + 2HCl
  2. Yeild 18,74%. [Ref.1]
    2NaCl + SiO2 + H2O → Na2SiO3 + 2HCl
  3. [Ref.1, Ref.2]
    2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
  4. [Ref.1]
    ClNO3 + NaCl → Cl2 + NaNO3
  5. [Ref.1]
    2NaCl + CaC2 → CaCl2 + 2Na + 2C

Refractive index (nD):

1.54 (20°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.000001 (442°C)
0.00001 (487°C)
0.0001 (539°C)
0.001 (599°C)
0.01 (670°C)
0.1 (752°C)
1 (863°C)
10 (1014°C)
100 (1216°C)

Dipole moment (D):

9.00117

Viscosity (mPa·s):

1.38 (817°C)
1.12 (867°C)
0.95 (917°C)
0.82 (967°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

114 (803°C)
110 (850°C)
107 (900°C)
102 (970°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-411.1 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-384 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

72.12 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

49.71 (s)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

28.5

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

171

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-182.3 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

229.68 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

35.79 (g)

Enthalpy (heat) of solution ΔsolH (kJ)

5.127 (s) [solvent: water, 18°C, 1 mol in 400 mol of water] [Ref.]

LD50 (mg/kg):

3700 (rats, oral)
2600 (rats, intraperitoneal)
3150 (mice, subcutaneous)
2900 (mice, intraperitoneal)

References:

  1. Comey A. M., Hahn D. A. A dictionary of Chemical Solubilities Inorganic. - 2 ed. - New York, The MacMillan Company, 1921. - pp. 838-850
  2. Indian Journal of Chemistry. Section A. - 2005. - Vol. 44, No. 8. - pp. 1595
  3. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1217-1249
  4. Hanf N.W., Sole M.J. High-temperature hydrolysis of sodium chloride / Transactions of the Faraday Society. - 1970. - Vol. 66. - pp. 3065-3074
  5. Беликов В.Г. Учебное пособие по фармацевтической химии. - М.: Медицина, 1979. - pp. 18 [Russian]
  6. Вредные химические вещества: Неорганические соединения элементов I-IV групп. Справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1988. - pp. 36 [Russian]
  7. Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 77 [Russian]
  8. Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.2. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 299 [Russian]
  9. Девяткин В.В., Ляхова Ю.М. Химия для любознательных, или о чем не узнаешь на уроке. - Ярославль: Академия Холдинг, 2000. - pp. 30, 65-70, 76 [Russian]
  10. Иванов В.М., Семененко К.А., Прохорова Г.В., Симонов Е.Ф. Натрий. - М.: Наука, 1986. - pp. 239 [Russian]
  11. Новый справочник химика и технолога. Химическое равновесие. Свойства растворов. - СПб.: НПО Профессионал, 2004, 2007. - pp. 248, 398, 401 [Russian]
  12. Позин М.Е. Технология минеральных солей (удобрений, пестицидов, промышленных солей, окислов и кислот). - Ч.1. - Л.: Химия, 1974. - pp. 60-97 [Russian]
  13. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 86 [Russian]
  14. Реми Г. Курс неорганической химии. - Т.1. - М., 1963. - pp. 213-216 [Russian]
  15. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 653-657, 738-739 [Russian]
  16. Справочник химика. - 2 изд., Т.1. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1966. - pp. 602, 610 [Russian]
  17. Справочник химика. - Т. 3. - М.-Л.: Химия, 1965. - pp. 289-302 [Russian]
  18. Справочник химика. - Т. 5. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1966. - pp. 94-95, 260 [Russian]
  19. Справочник экспериментальных данных по растворимости солевых систем. - Т. 3. - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1961. - pp. 1678-1732 [Russian]
  20. Токсикологическая химия. - Под ред. Плетеневой Т.В. - М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2005. - pp. 27 [Russian]
  21. Токсикологический вестник. - 2004. - №3. - pp. 38 [Russian]
  22. Фурман А.А. Неорганические хлориды (химия и технология). - М.: Химия, 1980. - pp. 33-43 [Russian]
  23. Химическая технология неорганических веществ. - Кн.1, под ред. Ахметова Т.Г. - М.: Высшая школа, 2002. - pp. 10-18 [Russian]
  24. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 189 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru