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Properties of substance:

hydrogen fluoride

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless gas

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

HF

Structural formula as text:

HF

Molar/atomic mass: 20.00634

Melting point (°C):

-83.36

Boiling point (°C):

19.52

Decomposition temperature (°C):

3500

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetic acid: miscible [Ref.]
acetone: miscible [Ref.]
acetonitrile: soluble [Ref.]
butane: 0.17 (0°C) [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: insoluble [Ref.]
chloroform: soluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: miscible [Ref.]
ethanol: miscible [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: soluble [Ref.]
hexane: insoluble [Ref.]
methylene chloride: insoluble [Ref.]
nitrobenzene: miscible [Ref.]
nitromethane: miscible [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: miscible [Ref.]
tetrahydrofuran: miscible [Ref.]
toluene: insoluble [Ref.]
uranium(VI) fluoride: soluble (61.2°C) [Ref.]
water: miscible [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 93.85%, ferric fluoride 5.01%, hydrogen fluoride 1.14%, 25 °C, separating phase: FeF3 * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 90.68%, ferric fluoride 6.16%, hydrogen fluoride 3.16%, 25 °C, separating phase: FeF3 * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 82.04%, ferric fluoride 4.7%, hydrogen fluoride 13.26%, 25 °C, separating phase: FeF3 * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 69.35%, ferric fluoride 3.71%, hydrogen fluoride 26.94%, 25 °C, separating phase: FeF3 * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 44.6%, ferric fluoride 10.81%, hydrogen fluoride 44.59%, 25 °C, separating phase: FeF3 * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 37.27%, ferric fluoride 16.73%, hydrogen fluoride 46.%, 25 °C, separating phase: FeF3 * 3H2O + FeF3 * 3HF * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 36.85%, ferric fluoride 16.5%, hydrogen fluoride 46.65%, 25 °C, separating phase: FeF3 * 3HF * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 39.09%, ferric fluoride 8.22%, hydrogen fluoride 52.69%, 25 °C, separating phase: FeF3 * 3HF * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 27.96%, ferric fluoride 1.06%, hydrogen fluoride 70.98%, 25 °C, separating phase: FeF3 * 3HF * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 98.84%, aluminum fluoride 0.39%, hydrogen fluoride 0.77%, 25 °C, separating phase: AlF3 * H2O [Ref.]
water 72.65%, aluminum fluoride 9.58%, hydrogen fluoride 17.77%, 25 °C, separating phase: AlF3 * H2O [Ref.]
water 54.02%, aluminum fluoride 19.68%, hydrogen fluoride 26.3%, 25 °C, separating phase: AlF3 * 3HF * 6H2O [Ref.]
water 55.51%, aluminum fluoride 13.42%, hydrogen fluoride 31.07%, 25 °C, separating phase: AlF3 * 3HF * 6H2O [Ref.]
water 44.91%, aluminum fluoride 16.08%, hydrogen fluoride 39.01%, 25 °C, separating phase: AlF3 * 3HF * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 33.74%, aluminum fluoride 3.53%, hydrogen fluoride 62.73%, 25 °C, separating phase: AlF3 * 3HF * 3H2O [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

1% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.003 (20°)
5% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.018 (20°)
10% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.038 (20°)
15,65% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -23.
20% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.072 (20°)
30% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.104 (20°)
32,2% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -59.4
37,1% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -48.9
40% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.13 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -44.
  Boiling point (°C) = 111.7

41% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.133 (20°)
50% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.157 (20°)
70% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -81.
  Boiling point (°C) = 65.8

73,8% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.261 (0°)
76,93% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.262 (0°)
85,06% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.232 (0°)
88,75% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.208 (0°)
89% (wt.), solvent - water
  Boiling point (°C) = 33.5
95,2% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.082 (0°)
41% (wt.), solvent - pyridine
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.29

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1670
Magnetic susceptibility (mm3/kg): -0.43
LCt50 (mg·min/l): 22.38

Density:

1.749 (-191°C, g/cm3)
1.653 (-93.8°C, g/cm3)
1.166 (-60°C, g/cm3)
1.0735 (-30°C, g/cm3)
1.0015 (0°C, g/cm3)
0.99 (13°C, g/cm3)

Reactions of synthesis:

  1. [Ref.1, Ref.2]
    H2 + F2 → 2HF
  2. [Ref.1aster]
    KHF2 → KF + HF

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 90%. [Ref.1aster]
    TiCl4 + 4HF → TiF4 + 4HCl
  2. [Ref.1]
    2V + 12HF → 2H3[VF6] + 3H2
  3. [Ref.1]
    KCl + HF → KF + HCl
  4. [Ref.1]
    2CH3CHCl2 + 3HF → CH3CHClF + CH3CHF2 + 3HCl
  5. [Ref.1aster]
    Ag2O + 2HF → 2AgF + H2O
  6. [Ref.1aster]
    Ag2CO3 + 2HF → 2AgF + H2O + CO2
  7. [Ref.1aster]
    NbCl5 + 5HF → NbF5 + 5HCl

Vapour pressure (Torr):

10 (-66.6°C)
100 (-28.1°C)
150 (-20°C)
360 (0°C)
780 (20°C)
1500 (40°C)
2600 (60°C)
4400 (80°C)
7000 (100°C)

Dissociation:

H0 (1) = -1.88 (25°C)
H0 (1) = -6 (25°C)
H0 (1) = -10.08 (20°C)
pKBH+ (1) = -6 (25°C, water)
pKa (1) = 3.17 (25°C, water)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

83.6 (0°C)
174.8 (-73°C)
134.2 (-42°C)
110.6 (-27°C)

Dipole moment (D):

1.91 (20°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

0.53 (0°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

10.1 (0°C)
15.4 (-60°C)
13.6 (-40°C)
8.62 (18.2°C)

Speed sound (m/s):

484.9 (0°C, aggregative state - liquid)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-270.7 (g)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-272.8 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

173.7 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

29.14 (g)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

3.93

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

7.49

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-299.8 (l)

Critical temperature (°C):

188

Critical pressure (MPa):

6.49

Critical density (g/cm3):

0.29

References:

  1. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - 90ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 5-11
  2. Comey A. M., Hahn D. A. A dictionary of Chemical Solubilities Inorganic. - 2 ed. - New York, The MacMillan Company, 1921. - pp. 346-347
  3. Holleman A.F., Wiberg E., Wiberg N. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. - Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1995. - pp. 238, 242
  4. Inorganic Syntheses. - Vol. 1. - New York and London, 1939. - pp. 134-136
  5. Olah G.A., Klumpp D.A. Superelectrophiles and their chemistry. - Wiley, 2008. - pp. 86
  6. Olah G.A., Prakash G.K.S., Molnar A., Sommer J. Superacid chemistry. - 2ed. - Wiley, 2009. - pp. 60-61
  7. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 579-580
  8. Вознесенский С.А. Химия фтора. - Л.: ОНТИ-Химтеорет, 1937. - pp. 48-90 [Russian]
  9. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.3. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 28-32 [Russian]
  10. Галкин Н.П., Майоров А.А., Верятин У.Д., Судариков Б.Н., Николаев Н.С., Шишков Ю.Д., Крутиков А.Б. Химия и технология фтористых соединений урана. - М.: ГИЛОАНТ, 1961. - pp. 242-252 [Russian]
  11. Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.2. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 158-167 [Russian]
  12. Гутман В. Химия координационных соединений в неводных растворах. - М.: Мир, 1971. - pp. 82-87 [Russian]
  13. Девятых Г.Г., Зорин А.Д. Летучие неорганические гидриды особой чистоты. - М.: Наука, 1974. - pp. 179-190 [Russian]
  14. Неводные растворители. - М.: Химия, 1971. - pp. 53-77 [Russian]
  15. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 246-248 [Russian]
  16. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 109 [Russian]
  17. Рысс И.Г. Химия фтора и его неорганических соединений. - М., 1956. - pp. 49-110 [Russian]
  18. Соросовский образовательный журнал. - 1998. - №12. - pp. 62 [Russian]
  19. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 343 [Russian]
  20. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.2. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1962. - pp. 983-984 [Russian]
  21. Справочник химика. - Т. 2. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1964. - pp. 240-241 [Russian]
  22. Степин Б.Д., Цветков А.А. Неорганическая химия. - М.: Высшая школа, 1994. - pp. 103, 324-325 [Russian]
  23. Файнзильберг А.А., Фурин Г.Г. Фтористый водород как реагент и среда в химических реакциях. - М.: Наука, 2008 [Russian]
  24. Фтор и его соединения. – Под ред. Саймонса Дж., Т. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1953. - pp. 192-250 [Russian]
  25. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 5. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1999. - pp. 202 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru