hydrogen peroxide

Main page (Russian)

Search in database (English)

Properties of substance:

hydrogen peroxide

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

H₂O₂

Structural formula as text:

HOOH

Molar/atomic mass: 34.01

Melting point (°C):

-0.43

Boiling point (°C):

152

Decomposition temperature (°C):

152

CAS №: 7722-84-1

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetone: miscible [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 68.1 (-53.5°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 76.4 (-32°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 97.2 (0°C) [Ref.]
aniline: miscible [Ref.]
benzene: insoluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 39.9 (-47.6°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 125.7 (-4.8°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: soluble [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: miscible [Ref.]
petroleum ether: insoluble [Ref.]
water: miscible [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

1% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.0018 (18°)
2% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.005 (18°)
3% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.0083 (18°)
5% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.0151 (18°)
6% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.0187 (18°)
10% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.0336 (18°)
15% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.0526 (18°)
20% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.0717 (18°)
25% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.0911 (18°)
30% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.1111 (18°)
35% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.1331 (18°)
35,3% (wt.), solvent - water
Dielectric constants = 83.1 (20°)
40% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.1561 (18°)
50% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.2031 (18°)
60% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.2505 (18°)
61,2% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = -56.1
70% (wt.), solvent - water
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.298 (18°)
80% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.26 (20°)
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.3456 (18°)
Freezing point (°C) = -25.
Boiling point (°C) = 142.8
90% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.26 (20°)
Density of a material to that water at 4°C = 1.3936 (18°)
Freezing point (°C) = -11.7
Boiling point (°C) = 141.1

Interatomic distances and bond angles:

Interatomic distances (in pm): 98,8 (H-O) [crystals]
Interatomic distances (in pm): 145,8 (O-O) [crystals]
Interatomic distances (in pm): 95 (H-O) [gas]
Interatomic distances (in pm): 147,5 (O-O) [gas]
Bond angles (in degrees): 101,9 (H-O-O) [crystals]
Bond angles (in degrees): 90,2 (H-(O2)-H) [crystals]
Bond angles (in degrees): 94,8 (H-O-O) [gas]
Bond angles (in degrees): 111,5 (H-(O2)-H) [gas]
Bond dissociation energie (kJ/mol): 365,71 (HOO-H)
Bond dissociation energie (kJ/mol): 210,45 (HO-OH)
Bond dissociation energie (kJ/mol): 205,732 (OO-H)

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1818

Density:

1.71 (-20°C, g/cm³)
1.6434 (-4.5°C, g/cm³)
1.4425 (25°C, g/cm³)

Reactions of synthesis:

[Ref.1, Ref.2]
BaO₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + H₂O₂
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
Na₂O₂ + H₂SO₄ + 10H₂O → H₂O₂ + Na₂SO₄ * 10H₂O

Reactions:

Yeild 50%. [Ref.1]
2CH₃SO₃C₂H₅ + H₂O₂ → C₂H₅OOC₂H₅ + 2CH₃SO₃H
[Ref.1]
2Ce(OH)₃ + 3H₂O₂ → 2Ce(OH)₃(OOH) + 2H₂O
[Ref.1]
Ag₂O + H₂O₂ → 2Ag + O₂ + H₂O
[Ref.1]
3(CH₃)₃COH + 2H₂O₂ → (CH₃)₃COOC(CH₃)₃ + (CH₃)₃COOH + 3H₂O
[Ref.1]
2Na + 2H₂O₂ → 2NaOOH + H₂
[Ref.1]
2CH₂=C=O + H₂O₂ → CH₃C(O)OOC(O)CH₃
[Ref.1, Ref.2, Ref.3, Ref.4, Ref.5]
SeO₂ + H₂O₂ → H₂SeO₄
[Ref.1]
BiF₅ + H₂O₂ → BiF₃ + 2HF + O₂

Refractive index (n_D):

1.4067 (25°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1.9 (25°C)
10 (50°C)
29 (69°C)
100 (95°C)

Electrode potential:

H₂O₂ + 2H⁺ + 2e^- → 2H₂O, E = 1.764 V (water, 25°C)

Dissociation:

pK_a (1) = 11.65 (25°C, water)
pK_a (2) = 25 (18°C, water)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

84.2 (0°C)
73.1 (20°C)

Dipole moment (D):

2.1 (20°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

1.245 (20°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

80.4 (20°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH (298 K, kJ/mol)

-187.778 (l) [Ref.]
-136.106 (g) [Ref.]

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG (298 K, kJ/mol)

-120.328 (l) [Ref.]
-105.445 (g) [Ref.]

Standard molar entropy S (298 K, J/(mol·K))

109.6 (l) [Ref.]
232.991 (g) [Ref.]

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298 K, J/(mol·K))

89.098 (l) [Ref.]
43.124 (g) [Ref.]

Enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol)

12.5 (s) [Ref.]

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol)

51.6 (l) [25°C] [Ref.]

Enthalpy (heat) of solution Δ_solH (kJ)

-1.8 (l) [solvent: water, 18°C, 1 mol in 2.6 mol of water] [Ref.]

LD₅₀ (mg/kg):

4050 (rats, oral)
620 (rats, subcutaneous)
12000 (mice, onto the skin)
880 (mice, intraperitoneal)

Critical temperature (°C):

457

Uses:

drug: topical antiseptic [Ref.]

References:

Holleman A.F., Wiberg E., Wiberg N. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. - Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1995. - pp. 238
Jones C.W. Applications of Hydrogen Peroxide and Derivatives. - The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999
Milne G.W.A. Gardner's Commercially Important Chemicals. - Wiley-Interscience, 2005. - pp. 327
Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 588-591
Transactions of The Electrochemical Society. - 1947. - Vol. 92, No. 1. - pp. 67-76 [DOI: 10.1149/1.3071805]
Urbanski T. Chemistry and technology of explosives. - vol.3. - Warszawa, 1967. - pp. 299-305
Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.3. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 10-11 [Russian]
Вредные химические вещества: Неорганические соединения элементов I-IV групп. Справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1988. - pp. 17 [Russian]
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 588-592 [Russian]
Девяткин В.В., Ляхова Ю.М. Химия для любознательных, или о чем не узнаешь на уроке. - Ярославль: Академия Холдинг, 2000. - pp. 63 [Russian]
Иванова М.А., Кононова М.А. Химический демонстрационный эксперимент. - М.: Высшая школа, 1969. - pp. 22-28 [Russian]
Лидин Р.А., Аликберова Л.Ю., Логинова Г.П. Неорганическая химия в вопросах. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 173 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 147-152 [Russian]
Неорганическая химия. - Под ред. Третьякова Ю.Д., Т.2. - М.: Academa, 2004. - pp. 23-27 [Russian]
Перекись водорода и перекисные соединения. - Под ред. Позина М.Е. - М.-Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1951 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 59 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 402 [Russian]
Химия и технология перекиси водорода. - Под ред. Серышева Г.А. - Л.: Химия, 1984 [Russian]
Химмотология ракетных и реактивных топлив. - Под ред. Браткова А.А. - М.: Химия, 1987. - pp. 51-58 [Russian]
Шамб У., Сеттерфилд Ч., Вентворс Р. Перекись водорода. - М.: ИИЛ, 1958 [Russian]
Якименко Л.М., Серышев Г.А. Электрохимический синтез неорганических соединений. - М.: Химия, 1984. - pp. 114-121 [Russian]

What information do you need?

© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru

Properties of substance:

hydrogen peroxide

Group of substances:

Physical appearance:

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Structural formula as text:

Molar/atomic mass: 34.01

Melting point (°C):

Boiling point (°C):

Decomposition temperature (°C):

CAS №: 7722-84-1

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

Properties of solutions:

Interatomic distances and bond angles:

Numerical data:

Density:

Reactions of synthesis:

Reactions:

Refractive index (nD):

Vapour pressure (Torr):

Electrode potential:

Dissociation:

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

Dipole moment (D):

Viscosity (mPa·s):

Surface tension (mN/m):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH (298 K, kJ/mol)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG (298 K, kJ/mol)

Standard molar entropy S (298 K, J/(mol·K))

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298 K, J/(mol·K))

Enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol)

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol)

Enthalpy (heat) of solution ΔsolH (kJ)

LD50 (mg/kg):

Critical temperature (°C):

Uses:

References:

Refractive index (n_D):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH (298 K, kJ/mol)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG (298 K, kJ/mol)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298 K, J/(mol·K))

Enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol)

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol)

Enthalpy (heat) of solution Δ_solH (kJ)

LD₅₀ (mg/kg):