ammonia

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Properties of substance:

ammonia

skc-file

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless gas

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

H₃N

Structural formula as text:

NH3

Molar/atomic mass: 17.03

Melting point (°C):

-77.75

Boiling point (°C):

-33.42

Decomposition temperature (°C):

1200-1300

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetone: soluble [Ref.]
adiponitrile: 4.38 (0°C) [Ref.]
adiponitrile: 2.31 (20°C) [Ref.]
adiponitrile: 1.11 (50°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 1 (20°C) [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: 0.33 (15°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 3.4 (20°C) [Ref.]
cyclohexanol: 2.18 (26°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 1.83 (0°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 1 (20°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 2.6 (20.3°C) [Ref.]
dodecane: 0.2 (20°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 24.53 (0°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 13 (20°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 9.65 (30°C) [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 14.08 (30°C) [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 12.76 (35°C) [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 11.12 (40°C) [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 8.62 (50°C) [Ref.]
hexadecane : 0.17 (20°C) [Ref.]
hexane: 0.45 (20°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen peroxide: 24.7 (8°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen peroxide: 31.4 (20°C) [Ref.]
hydroxylamine: 25 (15°C) [Ref.]
iron pentacarbonyl: insoluble [Ref.]
methanol: 41.5 (0°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 23.8 (20°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 16 (30°C) [Ref.]
nitrobenzene: 1.16 (15°C) [Ref.]
octane: 0.31 (20°C) [Ref.]
toluene: 0.048 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 294.6 (-40°C) [Ref.]
water: 278.1 (-30°C) [Ref.]
water: 176.8 (-20°C) [Ref.]
water: 111.5 (-10°C) [Ref.]
water: 94.7 (-3.9°C) [Ref.]
water: 87.5 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 67.9 (10°C) [Ref.]
water: 52.6 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 46.2 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 40.3 (30°C) [Ref.]
water: 30.7 (40°C) [Ref.]
water: 22.9 (50°C) [Ref.]
water: 15.4 (80°C) [Ref.]
water: 7.4 (100°C) [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 99.57%, ammonia 0.07%, silver chloride 0.36%, 25 °C, separating phase: AgCl [Ref.]
water 84.4%, ammonia 7.96%, silver chloride 7.64%, 25 °C, separating phase: AgCl [Ref.]
water 72.66%, ammonia 16.01%, silver chloride 11.33%, 25 °C, separating phase: 2AgCl * 3NH3 [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

0,0465% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.998 (20°)
0,512% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.996 (20°)
0,977% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.994 (20°)
1,43% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.992 (20°)
1,89% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.99 (20°)
2,35% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.988 (20°)
2,82% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.986 (20°)
3,3% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.984 (20°)
3,78% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.982 (20°)
4,27% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.98 (20°)
4,76% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.978 (20°)
5,25% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.976 (20°)
9,87% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.958 (20°)
10% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.141 (20°)
Density (g/cm³) = 0.9575 (20°)
Index of refraction = 1.3381 (20°)
Freezing point (°C) = -13.55
10,4% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.956 (20°)
14,88% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.94 (20°)
20,27% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.922 (20°)
24,68% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.908 (20°)
25,33% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.906 (20°)
26% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.904 (20°)
27,33% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.9 (20°)
28% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.898 (20°)
28,33% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.9 (15°)
30% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.892 (20°)
Index of refraction = 1.3502 (20°)
Freezing point (°C) = -84.06
34,35% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 0.88 (20°)

Numerical data:

Polarizability of molecules (nm³): 0.0024

Density:

1.01 (-183°C, g/cm³)
0.731 (-75°C, g/cm³)
0.725 (-70°C, g/cm³)
0.714 (-60°C, g/cm³)
0.702 (-50°C, g/cm³)
0.69 (-40°C, g/cm³)
0.684 (-35°C, g/cm³)
0.682 (-34°C, g/cm³)
0.00077 (20°C, g/cm³)

Reactions of synthesis:

[Ref.1, Ref.2]
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃

Reactions:

[Ref.1, Ref.2]
2NH₃ + NaClO → N₂H₄ + NaCl + H₂O
N₂H₄ + H₂SO₄ → (N₂H₆)SO₄
Yeild 43%. [Ref.1]
2NH₃ + NO₂BF₄ → NH₂NO₂ + NH₄BF₄
Yeild 91%. [Ref.1]
2NH₃ + 3Na₂O₂ → N₂ + 6NaOH
Yeild 70%. [Ref.1]
12SF₄ + 64NH₃ → 3S₄N₄ + 48NH₄F + 2N₂
Yeild 82%. [Ref.1]
BrCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br + 4NH₃ → H₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ + 2NH₄Br
Yeild 74%. [Ref.1]
NH₃ + HN₃ → NH₄N₃
Yeild 68%. [Ref.1]
CH₃CHO + NH₃ + H₂ → CH₃CH₂NH₂ + H₂O
[Ref.1]
16NH₃ + 10S → S₄N₄ + 6(NH₄)₂S
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
2NH₃ + 3F₂ → N₂ + 6HF
[Ref.1]
NaOCl + NH₃ → NH₂Cl + NaOH
[Ref.1, Ref.2, Ref.3, Ref.4, Ref.5]
2Na + 2NH₃ → 2NaNH₂ + H₂
[Ref.1]
2K + 2NH₃ → 2KNH₂ + H₂
[Ref.1]
Si₂Cl₆ + 9NH₃ → Si₂(NH)₃ + 6NH₄Cl
[Ref.1]
2Na + 2NH₃ → 2NaNH₂ + H₂
[Ref.1]
B₂H₆ + 2NH₃ → ((NH₃)₂BH₂)[BH₄]

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1 (-110°C)
10 (-95°C)
100 (-67.4°C)

Dissociation:

pK_BH⁺ (1) = 9.247 (25°C, water)
pK_a (1) = 33 (20°C, water)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

22.7 (-50°C)

Dipole moment (D):

1.48 (20°C)

Speed sound (m/s):

1853 (-50°C, aggregative state - liquid)
415 (0°C, aggregative state - gas)
428.2 (18°C, aggregative state - gas)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-46.19 (g)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-16.71 (g)

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

192.6 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

35.6 (g)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol):

5.655

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):

23.33

Gas phase basicity Δ_baseG (298 K, kJ/mol)

-819 (g) [Ref.]

Critical temperature (°C):

132.3

Critical pressure (MPa):

11.283

Critical density (g/cm³):

0.233

References:

Comey A. M., Hahn D. A. A dictionary of Chemical Solubilities Inorganic. - 2 ed. - New York, The MacMillan Company, 1921. - pp. 16-22
Milne G.W.A. Gardner's Commercially Important Chemicals. - Wiley-Interscience, 2005. - pp. 31
Perry D.L. Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. - 2nd ed. - CRC Press, 2011. - pp. 17
Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1031-1044
Бабакин Б.С., Стефанчук В.И., Ковтунов Е.Е. Альтернативные хладагенты и сервис холодильных систем на их основе. - М.: Колос, 2000. - pp. 22-25, 137 [Russian]
Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.3. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 88-92 [Russian]
Вредные химические вещества: Неорганические соединения элементов V-VIII групп. Справочник. - Л., 1989. - pp. 14 [Russian]
Голубев И.Ф., Кияшова В.П., Перельштейн И.И., Парушин Е.Б. Теплофизические свойства аммиака. - М.: Издательство стандартов, 1978 [Russian]
Гордон А., Форд Р. Спутник химика. - М.: Мир, 1976. - pp. 72 [Russian]
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 394-399 [Russian]
Гутман В. Химия координационных соединений в неводных растворах. - М.: Мир, 1971. - pp. 55-65 [Russian]
Девятых Г.Г., Зорин А.Д. Летучие неорганические гидриды особой чистоты. - М.: Наука, 1974. - pp. 171-178 [Russian]
Зотов А.Т. Мочевина. - М.: ГНТИХЛ, 1963. - pp. 56-62 [Russian]
Неводные растворители. - М.: Химия, 1971. - pp. 8-10 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 389-393 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Репинская И.Б., Шварцберг М.С. Избранные методы синтеза органических соединений. - Новосибирск, 2000. - pp. 167-169 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 325-329, 557-558, 904-911 [Russian]
Токсикологический вестник. - 1996. - №6. - pp. 27-30 [Russian]
Химическая технология неорганических веществ. - Кн.1, под ред. Ахметова Т.Г. - М.: Высшая школа, 2002. - pp. 421-474 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 149-151 [Russian]
Химический энциклопедический словарь. - Под ред. Кнунянц И.Л. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. - pp. 41 [Russian]

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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru

Properties of substance:

ammonia

Group of substances:

Physical appearance:

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Structural formula as text:

Molar/atomic mass: 17.03

Melting point (°C):

Boiling point (°C):

Decomposition temperature (°C):

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

Properties of solutions:

Numerical data:

Density:

Reactions of synthesis:

Reactions:

Vapour pressure (Torr):

Dissociation:

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

Dipole moment (D):

Speed sound (m/s):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

Gas phase basicity ΔbaseG (298 K, kJ/mol)

Critical temperature (°C):

Critical pressure (MPa):

Critical density (g/cm3):

References:

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):

Gas phase basicity Δ_baseG (298 K, kJ/mol)

Critical density (g/cm³):