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Properties of substance:

sucrose



skc-file

Synonyms:

saccharose

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless monoclinic crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C12H22O11

Molar/atomic mass: 342.296

Melting point (°C):

185

Decomposition temperature (°C):

200

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,4-dioxane: 0.00000466 (25°C) [Ref.]
1,4-dioxane: 0.07 (60°C) [Ref.]
1,4-dioxane: 0.11 (100°C) [Ref.]
2,4-dimethylsulfolane: 0.3 (85°C) [Ref.]
2,4-dimethylsulfolane: 0.37 (100°C) [Ref.]
2-methylpiperazine: 35.3 (85°C) [Ref.]
2-methylpyrazine: 0.88 (85°C) [Ref.]
2-methylpyrazine: 1.27 (100°C) [Ref.]
2-methylpyrazine: 1.87 (110°C) [Ref.]
2-methylpyrazine: 2.4 (120°C) [Ref.]
N-methylmorpholine: 0.37 (85°C) [Ref.]
N-methylmorpholine: 0.38 (100°C) [Ref.]
N-methylmorpholine: 0.56 (110°C) [Ref.]
N-methylmorpholine: 0.73 (120°C) [Ref.]
N-methylpyrrolidone: 20.9 (30°C) [Ref.]
N-methylpyrrolidone: 29.2 (60°C) [Ref.]
N-methylpyrrolidone: 38.9 (85°C) [Ref.]
N-methylpyrrolidone: 50.4 (100°C) [Ref.]
acetic acid: soluble [Ref.]
acetone: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
allylamine: very soluble [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : soluble 257 [Ref.]
aniline: soluble [Ref.]
benzene: insoluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: insoluble [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 16.4 (30°C) [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 20.3 (60°C) [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 42 (100°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 71.2 (30°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 96.5 (60°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 104.5 (85°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 160.4 (110°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 0.9 (20°C) [Ref.]
ethanolamine: very soluble [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: soluble [Ref.]
formic acid: soluble [Ref.]
glycerol 25%: 146.3 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 50%: 81.2 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 75%: 34 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 95%: 29.4 (15°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 95%: 11 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 95%: 41.8 (35°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 99.96%: 6 (25°C) [Ref.]
hexane: insoluble [Ref.]
isopropylamine: soluble [Ref.]
methanol: 1.18 (19°C) [Ref.]
methylamine: soluble [Ref.]
morpholine: 44.3 (30°C) [Ref.]
morpholine: 53.1 (60°C) [Ref.]
morpholine: 66.1 (85°C) [Ref.]
morpholine: 82.1 (100°C) [Ref.]
piperidine: insoluble [Ref.]
propylene glycol 25%: 142.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
propylene glycol 50%: 74.5 (25°C) [Ref.]
propylene glycol 75%: 27.9 (25°C) [Ref.]
propylene glycol 95%: 4.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
propylene glycol 99%: 1.9 [Ref.]
pyrazine: 1.99 (85°C) [Ref.]
pyrazine: 2.28 (97°C) [Ref.]
pyrazine: 3.14 (107°C) [Ref.]
pyrazine: 4.11 (120°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: 6.89 (26°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: 3.22 (30°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: 3.9 (60°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: 5.3 (85°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: 6.37 (100°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: 8.06 (110°C) [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: soluble [Ref.]
tetrahydrofuran: 0.01 (60°C) [Ref.]
trichloroethylene: 0.004 (15°C) [Ref.]
water: 179.2 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 184.7 (5°C) [Ref.]
water: 190.5 (10°C) [Ref.]
water: 203.9 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 211.4 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 219.5 (30°C) [Ref.]
water: 228.4 (35°C) [Ref.]
water: 238.1 (40°C) [Ref.]
water: 248.7 (45°C) [Ref.]
water: 260.4 (50°C) [Ref.]
water: 287.3 (60°C) [Ref.]
water: 320.4 (70°C) [Ref.]
water: 362.1 (80°C) [Ref.]
water: 415.7 (90°C) [Ref.]
water: 487.2 (100°C) [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 64.%, sodium chloride 23.3%, sucrose 12.7%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl [Ref.]
water 45.8%, sodium chloride 17.5%, sucrose 36.7%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl [Ref.]
water 40.8%, sodium chloride 16.2%, sucrose 43.%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl + NaCl * C12H22O11 * 2H2O [Ref.]
water 33.25%, sodium chloride 9.75%, sucrose 57.%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl * C12H22O11 * 2H2O [Ref.]
water 29.2%, sodium chloride 8.6%, sucrose 62.2%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl * C12H22O11 * 2H2O + C12H22O11 [Ref.]
water 26.8%, sodium chloride 11.5%, sucrose 61.7%, 25 °C, separating phase: NaCl + C12H22O11 [Ref.]
water 30.85%, sodium chloride 6.15%, sucrose 63.%, 25 °C, separating phase: C12H22O11 [Ref.]
water 32.38%, sodium chloride 1.62%, sucrose 66.%, 25 °C, separating phase: C12H22O11 [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

10% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.038 (20°)
  Boiling point (°C) = 100.1
19% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.076 (20°)
50% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density of a material to that water at 20°C = 1.232 (20°)
  Boiling point (°C) = 101.8
60% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 58.487 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.2864 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.4419 (20°)

Numerical data:

Sweetness potency сompared with a 2% (w/v) aqueous solution of sucrose: 1
Critical relative humidity (%): 85.4


Density:

1.5879 (15°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 30%. [Ref.1aster]
    C12H22O11 → 12C + 11H2O

Dissociation:

pKa (1) = 12.7 (23°C, water)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH (298 K, kJ/mol)

-2226.1 (s) [Ref.]

Enthalpy (heat) of solution ΔsolH (kJ)

3.8 (s) [solvent: water, 15°C, 1 mol in 200 mol of water] [Ref.]

References:

  1. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - 1953. - Vol. 1, No. 8. - pp. 567
  2. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - 1956. - Vol. 1, No. 1. - pp. 87-92
  3. Jouyban A. Handbook of solubility data for pharmaceutacals. – CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 72
  4. Mathlouthi M., Reiser P. Sucrose: Properties and Applications. - Springer-Science+Business Media, 1995
  5. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 710-714
  6. Yalkowsky S.H., Yan H. Handbook of aqueous solubility data. - CRC Press, 2003. - pp. 882-885
  7. Альберт А., Сержент Е. Константы ионизации кислот и оснований. - М.-Л.: Химия, 1964. - pp. 124 [Russian]
  8. Иванова М.А., Кононова М.А. Химический демонстрационный эксперимент. - М.: Высшая школа, 1969. - pp. 37 [Russian]
  9. Каррер П. Курс органической химии. - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1960. - pp. 447-449 [Russian]
  10. Краткая химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 4: Пирометаллургия-С. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1965. - pp. 753-754 [Russian]
  11. Петрушевский В.В., Бондарь Е.Г., Винокурова Е.В. Производство сахаристых веществ. - Киев: Урожай, 1989. - pp. 39-40 [Russian]
  12. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 178 [Russian]
  13. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 519-520 [Russian]
  14. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.2. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1962. - pp. 1373 [Russian]
  15. Справочник сахарника. - Ч. 1, под ред. Лепешкина И.П. - М., 1963 [Russian]
  16. Тюкавкина Н.А., Бауков Ю.И. Биоорганическая химия. - М.: Медицина, 1985. - pp. 382-383 [Russian]
  17. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 4. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1995. - pp. 295 [Russian]
  18. Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 505, 565 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru