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Properties of substance:
sodium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
cubic metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Na
Structural formula as text:
Na
Molar/atomic mass: 22.99
Melting point (°C):
97.8
Boiling point (°C):
883
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
aluminum fused
: 0.13 (800°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 29.4 (-105°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 30.7 (-70°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 31.9 (-50°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 24.6 (-33.8°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 31.6 (-30°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 34.6 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 36.42 (22°C) [
Ref.
]
benzene
: practically insoluble [
Ref.
]
benzine: practically insoluble [
Ref.
]
carbon dioxide liquid
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
diethyl ether
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: reaction [
Ref.
]
ethylamine
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
ethylenediamine
: 0.0061 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
gallium
: 0.001 (30°C) [
Ref.
]
hexamethylphosphoric triamide
: 1.36 [
Ref.
]
hydrazine
: soluble [
Ref.
]
hydrogen fluoride
: reaction [
Ref.
]
kerosene: practically insoluble [
Ref.
]
melted sodium hydroxide
: 25.3 (480°C) [
Ref.
]
melted sodium hydroxide
: 10.1 (600°C) [
Ref.
]
melted sodium hydroxide
: 6.9 (800°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.07 (-40°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.547 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.68 (18°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.647 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.725 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.925 (81°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 1.112 (99.8°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 49 (353°C) [
Ref.
]
methylamine
: 0.013 [
Ref.
]
petroleum ether: practically insoluble [
Ref.
]
sodium borohydride fused
: very soluble [
Ref.
]
sodium bromide liquid
: 0.034 (720°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium bromide liquid
: 3.71 (943°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium chloride fused
: 3.5 (800°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium chloride fused
: 16.24 (1001°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium fluoride fused
: 4.5 (1000°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium iodide fused
: 0.65 (722°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium iodide fused
: 3.87 (954°C) [
Ref.
]
toluene
: practically insoluble [
Ref.
]
water
: reaction [
Ref.
]
xylene: practically insoluble [
Ref.
]
Properties of solutions:
2% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
Density (g/cm
3
) = 0.6704 (-33,8°)
2,39% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
Density (g/cm
3
) = 0.6681 (-33,8°)
2,73% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
Density (g/cm
3
) = 0.6653 (-33,8°)
18% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
Boiling point (°C) = -27.
19,8% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
Density (g/cm
3
) = 0.5781 (-33,8°)
0,33% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Freezing point (°C) = -48.
0,336% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Density (g/cm
3
) = 13.2081 (20°)
0,5% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Freezing point (°C) = 0.
1% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Freezing point (°C) = 50.
1,5% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Freezing point (°C) = 100.
2% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Freezing point (°C) = 130.
2,5% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Freezing point (°C) = 156.
3% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Freezing point (°C) = 250.
4% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Freezing point (°C) = 320.
5,42% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Freezing point (°C) = 353.
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1807
Magnetic susceptibility (mm
3
/kg): 0.61
Ionization Potentials (Electronvolts): 47.304
Ionization Potentials (Electronvolts): 5.13915
Ionic radius (pm): 153
Ionic radius (pm): 116
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 0.4
Density:
0.9725 (0°C, d
4
)
0.968 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
0.956 (77°C, g/cm
3
)
0.928 (98°C, g/cm
3
)
0.952 (98°C, g/cm
3
)
0.926 (100°C, d
4
)
0.921 (127°C, g/cm
3
)
0.897 (227°C, g/cm
3
)
0.826 (527°C, g/cm
3
)
0.778 (727°C, g/cm
3
)
0.742 (877°C, g/cm
3
)
Reactions of synthesis:
[
Ref.1
]
2NaCl + CaC
2
→ CaCl
2
+ 2Na + 2C
[
Ref.1
]
2NaNO
3
→ 2Na + 2NO
2
+ O
2
Reactions:
[
Ref.1
]
2Na + F
2
→ 2NaF
[
Ref.1
]
2Na + Te → Na
2
Te
[
Ref.1
]
2Na + H
2
→ 2NaH
[
Ref.1
]
2Na + 2H
2
O → 2NaOH + H
2
Yeild 40-70%. [
Ref.1
]
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
Br + C
6
H
5
Br + 2Na → CH
3
(CH
2
)
3
C
6
H
5
+ 2NaBr
Yeild 48%. [
Ref.1
]
2CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
Br + 2Na → CH
3
(CH
2
)
6
CH
3
+ 2NaBr
[
Ref.1
]
2Na + NaOH → Na
2
O + NaH
[
Ref.1
,
Ref.2
]
6Na + N
2
→ 2Na
3
N
[
Ref.1
]
Na + KOH → K + NaOH
[
Ref.1
]
Na + KCl → K + NaCl
[
Ref.1
]
CO(NH
2
)
2
+ Na → NaOH + H
2
NCN
[
Ref.1
]
2NaHg + 2B
2
H
6
→ NaBH
4
+ NaB
3
H
8
+ 2Hg
[
Ref.1
,
Ref.2
,
Ref.3
,
Ref.4
,
Ref.5
]
2Na + 2NH
3
→ 2NaNH
2
+ H
2
[
Ref.1
]
TiCl
4
+ 4Na → Ti + 4NaCl
[
Ref.1
]
2Na + 2H
2
O
2
→ 2NaOOH + H
2
[
Ref.1
,
Ref.2
]
2Na + O
2
→ Na
2
O
2
[
Ref.1
]
2Na + 2NH
3
→ 2NaNH
2
+ H
2
Half-life:
18
11
Na = 1.3 zs (mass excess 25040 keV)
20
11
Na = 447.9 ms (β
+
(100%))
21
11
Na = 22.49 s (β
+
(100%))
22
11
Na = 2.6019 y (β
+
(100%))
23
11
Na = stable (mass excess -9529,85 keV (isotopic abundance 100%))
24
11
Na = 14.959 h (β
-
(100%))
24m
11
Na = 20.2 ms (internal transition (about 100%))
25
11
Na = 59.1 s (β
-
(100%))
26
11
Na = 1.077 s (β
-
(100%))
27
11
Na = 301 ms (β
-
(100%))
28
11
Na = 30.5 ms (β
-
(100%))
29
11
Na = 44.9 ms (β
-
(100%))
30
11
Na = 48.4 ms (β
-
(100%))
31
11
Na = 17 ms (β
-
(100%))
32
11
Na = 12.9 ms (β
-
(100%))
33
11
Na = 8.2 ms (β
-
(100%))
34
11
Na = 5.5 ms (β
-
(100%))
35
11
Na = 1.5 ms (β
-
(100%))
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.01 (289°C)
0.1 (355°C)
1 (439°C)
10 (550°C)
100 (704°C)
Electrode potential:
Na
+
+ e
-
→ Na, E = -3.42 V (formic acid, 25°C)
Na
+
+ e
-
→ Na, E = -2.87 V (acetonitrile, 25°C)
Na
+
+ e
-
→ Na, E = -2.778 V (methanol, 25°C)
Na
+
+ e
-
→ Na, E = -2.714 V (water, 25°C)
Na
+
+ e
-
→ Na, E = -2.675 V (ethanol, 25°C)
Na
+
+ e
-
→ Na, E = -1.85 V (ammonia liquid , -50°C)
Na
+
+ Hg + e
-
→ Na(Hg), E = -1.84 V (water, 25°C)
Viscosity (mPa·s):
0.814 (100°C)
0.742 (132°C)
0.635 (183°C)
Surface tension (mN/m):
222 (100°C)
211 (250°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
51.45 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
28.16 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
2.64
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
86.36
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
107.7 (g)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
72.3 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
153.61 (g)
Critical temperature (°C):
2230
Critical pressure (MPa):
25.6
Critical density (g/cm
3
):
0.207
References:
Comey A. M., Hahn D. A. A dictionary of Chemical Solubilities Inorganic. - 2 ed. - New York, The MacMillan Company, 1921. - pp. 835
Ma Y., Eremets M., Oganov A.R., Xie Y., Trojan I., Medvedev S., Prakapenka V. Transparent dense sodium / Nature. - 2009. - Vol. 458, No. 7235. - pp. 182-185 [DOI:
10.1038/nature07786
]
Gregoryanz E., Degtyareva O., Somayazulu M., Hemley R.J., Mao H.K. Melting of dense sodium / Physical Review Letters. - 2005. - Vol. 94, No. 18. - pp. 185502-1 - 185502-4 [DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.185502
]
Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1145-1146
Алабышев А.Ф., Грачев К.Я., Зарецкий С.А., Лантратов М.Ф. Натрий и калий (получение, свойства и применение). - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1959. - pp. 12-259 [Russian]
Герасимов Я.И., Древинг В.П., Еремин Е.Н.. Киселев А.В., Лебедев В.П., Панченков Г.М., Шлыгин А.И. Курс физической химии. - Т.2. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 528 [Russian]
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 83-84 [Russian]
Захаров Л.Н. Техника безопасности в химических лабораториях. - Л.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 234-251 [Russian]
Иванов В.М., Семененко К.А., Прохорова Г.В., Симонов Е.Ф. Натрий. - М.: Наука, 1986 [Russian]
Иванова М.А., Кононова М.А. Химический демонстрационный эксперимент. - М.: Высшая школа, 1969. - pp. 30 [Russian]
Краткая химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3: Мальтаза-Пиролиз. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1964. - pp. 367-371 [Russian]
Морачевский А.Г., Шестеркин И.А., Буссе-Мачукас В.Б., Клебанов Е.Б., Козин Л.Ф. Натрий. Свойства, производство, применение. - С-Пб.: Химия, 1992 [Russian]
Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 24, 83 [Russian]
Свойства элементов. - под общей редакцией Дрица М.Е. - М.: Металлургия, 1985. - pp. 36-42 [Russian]
Ситтиг М. Натрий, его производство, свойства и применение. - М.: ГИЛОАНТ, 1961 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 590-591 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 178-179 [Russian]
Химический энциклопедический словарь. - Под ред. Кнунянц И.Л. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. - pp. 360 [Russian]
Химия и жизнь. - 1990. - №5. - pp. 83 [Russian]
Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 186 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru