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Properties of substance:

sodium

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

cubic metal

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Na

Structural formula as text:

Na

Molar/atomic mass: 22.99

Melting point (°C):

97.8

Boiling point (°C):

883

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

aluminum fused: 0.13 (800°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 29.4 (-105°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 30.7 (-70°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 31.9 (-50°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 24.6 (-33.8°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 31.6 (-30°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 34.6 (0°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 36.42 (22°C) [Ref.]
benzene: practically insoluble [Ref.]
benzine: practically insoluble [Ref.]
carbon dioxide liquid: insoluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: insoluble [Ref.]
ethanol: reaction [Ref.]
ethylamine: insoluble [Ref.]
ethylenediamine: 0.0061 (20°C) [Ref.]
gallium: 0.001 (30°C) [Ref.]
hexamethylphosphoric triamide: 1.36 [Ref.]
hydrazine: soluble [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : reaction [Ref.]
kerosene: practically insoluble [Ref.]
melted sodium hydroxide: 25.3 (480°C) [Ref.]
melted sodium hydroxide: 10.1 (600°C) [Ref.]
melted sodium hydroxide: 6.9 (800°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.07 (-40°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.547 (0°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.68 (18°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.647 (25°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.725 (40°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.925 (81°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 1.112 (99.8°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 49 (353°C) [Ref.]
methylamine: 0.013 [Ref.]
petroleum ether: practically insoluble [Ref.]
sodium borohydride fused: very soluble [Ref.]
sodium bromide liquid: 0.034 (720°C) [Ref.]
sodium bromide liquid: 3.71 (943°C) [Ref.]
sodium chloride fused: 3.5 (800°C) [Ref.]
sodium chloride fused: 16.24 (1001°C) [Ref.]
sodium fluoride fused: 4.5 (1000°C) [Ref.]
sodium iodide fused: 0.65 (722°C) [Ref.]
sodium iodide fused: 3.87 (954°C) [Ref.]
toluene: practically insoluble [Ref.]
water: reaction [Ref.]
xylene: practically insoluble [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

2% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.6704 (-33,8°)
2,39% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.6681 (-33,8°)
2,73% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.6653 (-33,8°)
18% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
  Boiling point (°C) = -27.
19,8% (wt.), solvent - ammonia liquid
  Density (g/cm3) = 0.5781 (-33,8°)
0,33% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Freezing point (°C) = -48.
0,336% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Density (g/cm3) = 13.2081 (20°)
0,5% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Freezing point (°C) = 0.
1% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Freezing point (°C) = 50.
1,5% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Freezing point (°C) = 100.
2% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Freezing point (°C) = 130.
2,5% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Freezing point (°C) = 156.
3% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Freezing point (°C) = 250.
4% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Freezing point (°C) = 320.
5,42% (wt.), solvent - mercury
  Freezing point (°C) = 353.

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1807
Magnetic susceptibility (mm3/kg): 0.61
Ionization Potentials (Electronvolts): 47.304
Ionization Potentials (Electronvolts): 5.13915
Ionic radius (pm): 153
Ionic radius (pm): 116
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 0.4

Density:

0.9725 (0°C, d4)
0.968 (20°C, g/cm3)
0.956 (77°C, g/cm3)
0.928 (98°C, g/cm3)
0.952 (98°C, g/cm3)
0.926 (100°C, d4)
0.921 (127°C, g/cm3)
0.897 (227°C, g/cm3)
0.826 (527°C, g/cm3)
0.778 (727°C, g/cm3)
0.742 (877°C, g/cm3)

Reactions of synthesis:

  1. [Ref.1]
    2NaCl + CaC2 → CaCl2 + 2Na + 2C
  2. [Ref.1]
    2NaNO3 → 2Na + 2NO2 + O2

Reactions:

  1. [Ref.1]
    2Na + F2 → 2NaF
  2. [Ref.1]
    2Na + Te → Na2Te
  3. [Ref.1]
    2Na + H2 → 2NaH
  4. [Ref.1]
    2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
  5. Yeild 40-70%. [Ref.1]
    CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + C6H5Br + 2Na → CH3(CH2)3C6H5 + 2NaBr
  6. Yeild 48%. [Ref.1]
    2CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + 2Na → CH3(CH2)6CH3 + 2NaBr
  7. [Ref.1]
    2Na + NaOH → Na2O + NaH
  8. [Ref.1, Ref.2]
    6Na + N2 → 2Na3N
  9. [Ref.1]
    Na + KOH → K + NaOH
  10. [Ref.1]
    Na + KCl → K + NaCl
  11. [Ref.1]
    CO(NH2)2 + Na → NaOH + H2NCN
  12. [Ref.1]
    2NaHg + 2B2H6 → NaBH4 + NaB3H8 + 2Hg
  13. [Ref.1aster, Ref.2, Ref.3aster, Ref.4aster, Ref.5aster]
    2Na + 2NH3 → 2NaNH2 + H2
  14. [Ref.1]
    TiCl4 + 4Na → Ti + 4NaCl
  15. [Ref.1]
    2Na + 2H2O2 → 2NaOOH + H2
  16. [Ref.1, Ref.2aster]
    2Na + O2 → Na2O2
  17. [Ref.1aster]
    2Na + 2NH3 → 2NaNH2 + H2

Half-life:

1811Na = 1.3 zs (mass excess 25040 keV)
2011Na = 447.9 ms (β+ (100%))
2111Na = 22.49 s (β+ (100%))
2211Na = 2.6019 y (β+ (100%))
2311Na = stable (mass excess -9529,85 keV (isotopic abundance 100%))
2411Na = 14.959 h (β- (100%))
24m11Na = 20.2 ms (internal transition (about 100%))
2511Na = 59.1 s (β- (100%))
2611Na = 1.077 s (β- (100%))
2711Na = 301 ms (β- (100%))
2811Na = 30.5 ms (β- (100%))
2911Na = 44.9 ms (β- (100%))
3011Na = 48.4 ms (β- (100%))
3111Na = 17 ms (β- (100%))
3211Na = 12.9 ms (β- (100%))
3311Na = 8.2 ms (β- (100%))
3411Na = 5.5 ms (β- (100%))
3511Na = 1.5 ms (β- (100%))

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.01 (289°C)
0.1 (355°C)
1 (439°C)
10 (550°C)
100 (704°C)

Electrode potential:

Na+ + e- → Na, E = -3.42 V (formic acid, 25°C)
Na+ + e- → Na, E = -2.87 V (acetonitrile, 25°C)
Na+ + e- → Na, E = -2.778 V (methanol, 25°C)
Na+ + e- → Na, E = -2.714 V (water, 25°C)
Na+ + e- → Na, E = -2.675 V (ethanol, 25°C)
Na+ + e- → Na, E = -1.85 V (ammonia liquid , -50°C)
Na+ + Hg + e- → Na(Hg), E = -1.84 V (water, 25°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

0.814 (100°C)
0.742 (132°C)
0.635 (183°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

222 (100°C)
211 (250°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

51.45 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

28.16 (s)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

2.64

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

86.36

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

107.7 (g)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

72.3 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

153.61 (g)

Critical temperature (°C):

2230

Critical pressure (MPa):

25.6

Critical density (g/cm3):

0.207

References:

  1. Comey A. M., Hahn D. A. A dictionary of Chemical Solubilities Inorganic. - 2 ed. - New York, The MacMillan Company, 1921. - pp. 835
  2. Ma Y., Eremets M., Oganov A.R., Xie Y., Trojan I., Medvedev S., Prakapenka V. Transparent dense sodium / Nature. - 2009. - Vol. 458, No. 7235. - pp. 182-185 [DOI: 10.1038/nature07786]
  3. Gregoryanz E., Degtyareva O., Somayazulu M., Hemley R.J., Mao H.K. Melting of dense sodium / Physical Review Letters. - 2005. - Vol. 94, No. 18. - pp. 185502-1 - 185502-4 [DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.185502]
  4. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1145-1146
  5. Алабышев А.Ф., Грачев К.Я., Зарецкий С.А., Лантратов М.Ф. Натрий и калий (получение, свойства и применение). - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1959. - pp. 12-259 [Russian]
  6. Герасимов Я.И., Древинг В.П., Еремин Е.Н.. Киселев А.В., Лебедев В.П., Панченков Г.М., Шлыгин А.И. Курс физической химии. - Т.2. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 528 [Russian]
  7. Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 83-84 [Russian]
  8. Захаров Л.Н. Техника безопасности в химических лабораториях. - Л.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 234-251 [Russian]
  9. Иванов В.М., Семененко К.А., Прохорова Г.В., Симонов Е.Ф. Натрий. - М.: Наука, 1986 [Russian]
  10. Иванова М.А., Кононова М.А. Химический демонстрационный эксперимент. - М.: Высшая школа, 1969. - pp. 30 [Russian]
  11. Краткая химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3: Мальтаза-Пиролиз. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1964. - pp. 367-371 [Russian]
  12. Морачевский А.Г., Шестеркин И.А., Буссе-Мачукас В.Б., Клебанов Е.Б., Козин Л.Ф. Натрий. Свойства, производство, применение. - С-Пб.: Химия, 1992 [Russian]
  13. Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
  14. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 24, 83 [Russian]
  15. Свойства элементов. - под общей редакцией Дрица М.Е. - М.: Металлургия, 1985. - pp. 36-42 [Russian]
  16. Ситтиг М. Натрий, его производство, свойства и применение. - М.: ГИЛОАНТ, 1961 [Russian]
  17. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 590-591 [Russian]
  18. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 178-179 [Russian]
  19. Химический энциклопедический словарь. - Под ред. Кнунянц И.Л. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. - pp. 360 [Russian]
  20. Химия и жизнь. - 1990. - №5. - pp. 83 [Russian]
  21. Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 186 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru