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Properties of substance:

ammonium chloride

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless cubic crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

H4ClN

Structural formula as text:

NH4Cl

Molar/atomic mass: 53.49

Sublimation point (°C):

337.6

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,4-dioxane: 0.000135 (25°C) [Ref.]
1,4-dioxane: 0.000182 (30°C) [Ref.]
1,4-dioxane: 0.000255 (35°C) [Ref.]
1,4-dioxane: 0.000442 (45°C) [Ref.]
1,4-dioxane: 0.00107 (55°C) [Ref.]
1,4-dioxane: 0.00125 (65°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 0.18 (25°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 0.00116 (25°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 0.00119 (30°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 0.00122 (35°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 0.00129 (45°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 0.00137 (55°C) [Ref.]
2-propanol: 0.00145 (65°C) [Ref.]
acetic acid: 0.067 (16.6°C) [Ref.]
acetone: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.000123 (25°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.000137 (30°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.000174 (35°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.000208 (45°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.000271 (55°C) [Ref.]
acetonitrile: 0.000357 (65°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 5.5 (-52.9°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 11.1 (-39.3°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 14.75 (-33.9°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 29.2 (-20.5°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : 102.85 (25°C) [Ref.]
antimony trichloride: soluble [Ref.]
arsenic trichloride: very slightly soluble [Ref.]
benzonitrile: insoluble [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: insoluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: practically insoluble [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 0.1 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 80%: 4 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 80%: 5.3 (30°C) [Ref.]
ethanol abs.: 0.6 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: practically insoluble [Ref.]
ethylamine: very soluble [Ref.]
formic acid: soluble [Ref.]
glycerol: 9.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 86.5%: 12.6 (20°C) [Ref.]
hydrazine: soluble with reaction 75 [Ref.]
iodine monochloride: soluble [Ref.]
methanol: 3.2 (17°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 3.35 (19°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 3.54 (25°C) [Ref.]
methyl acetate: insoluble [Ref.]
phosphorus(V) trichloride oxide: 0.028 (20°C) [Ref.]
pyridine: insoluble [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: 0.009 (0°C) [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: 0.0031 (25°C) [Ref.]
tributyl phosphate: insoluble [Ref.]
water: 24.5 (-15°C) [Ref.]
water: 29.4 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 33.2 (10°C) [Ref.]
water: 35.7 (15°C) [Ref.]
water: 37.2 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 39.3 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 41.4 (30°C) [Ref.]
water: 45.8 (40°C) [Ref.]
water: 50.4 (50°C) [Ref.]
water: 55.2 (60°C) [Ref.]
water: 65.6 (80°C) [Ref.]
water: 78.6 (100°C) [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 99.3015%, ammonium chloride 0.67%, calcite 0.0285%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 98.6227%, ammonium chloride 1.34%, calcite 0.0373%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 97.2698%, ammonium chloride 2.68%, calcite 0.0502%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 94.5822%, ammonium chloride 5.35%, calcite 0.0678%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 84.282%, ammonium chloride 15.6%, calcite 0.118%, 60 °C, separating phase: CaCO3 [Ref.]
water 97.64%, ammonium chloride 1.597%, 15 °C [Ref.]
water 97.627%, ammonium chloride 1.6%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 93.39%, ammonium chloride 5.249%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 79.009%, ammonium chloride 18.722%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 99.012%, ammonium chloride 0.92%, ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV) 0.068%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 85.124%, ammonium chloride 14.85%, ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV) 0.026%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 73.6328%, ammonium chloride 26.36%, ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV) 0.0082%, 25 °C [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

1% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.996 (20°)
  Molarity (moles of solute per liter of solution) = 0.187
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0013 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3349
  Freezing point (°C) = -0.64
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 20.4 (20°)
2% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0045 (20°)
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 40.3 (20°)
4% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0107 (20°)
6% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0168 (20°)
8% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0227 (20°)
10% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.97 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0286 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3521 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -6.95
  Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 180. (20°)
12% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 0.969 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0344 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3559 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -8.6
20% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0567 (20°)
26,3% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.075 (15°)

Hygroscopic:

yes

Density:

1.526 (20°C, d4)

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 26%. [Ref.1]
    6S2Cl2 + 4NH4Cl → S4N4 + 8S + 16HCl
  2. Yeild 70%. [Ref.1]
    NH4Cl + 3F2 → NF2Cl + 4HF
  3. Yeild 37%. [Ref.1]
    4NH4Cl + 9F2 → 2NFCl2 + N2 + 16HF

Refractive index (nD):

1.642 (20°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.0075 (91°C)
0.075 (121°C)
0.75 (159°C)
7.5 (204.7°C)
49.5 (250°C)
75 (263.1°C)
100 (270°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-314.2 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-203.2 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

95.8 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

84.1 (s)

LD50 (mg/kg):

1650 (rats, oral)
1300 (mice, oral)
1439 (mice, intraperitoneal)

References:

  1. Comey A. M., Hahn D. A. A dictionary of Chemical Solubilities Inorganic. - 2 ed. - New York, The MacMillan Company, 1921. - pp. 25-31
  2. Lewis R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. - 11ed. - Wiley-interscience, 2004. - pp. 231
  3. Milne G.W.A. Gardner's Commercially Important Chemicals. - Wiley-Interscience, 2005. - pp. 32
  4. Perry D.L. Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. - 2nd ed. - CRC Press, 2011. - pp. 19-20
  5. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1078-1093
  6. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and organic substances. - 2ed. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1919. - pp. 44-50
  7. The Merck Index 11th ed., Merck & Company, 1989. - pp. 532
  8. Позин М.Е. Технология минеральных солей (удобрений, пестицидов, промышленных солей, окислов и кислот). - Ч.2. - Л.: Химия, 1974. - pp. 1253-1259 [Russian]
  9. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 54 [Russian]
  10. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 213, 740-741 [Russian]
  11. Справочник химика. - Т. 2. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1964. - pp. 265 [Russian]
  12. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 155 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru