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Properties of substance:
urea
skc-file
Group of substances:
organic
Physical appearance:
colorless crystals
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
CH
4
N
2
O
Structural formula as text:
H2NCONH2
Molar/atomic mass: 60.055
Melting point (°C):
132.7
CAS №: 57-13-6
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
: sparingly soluble [
Ref.
]
1-octanol
: 0.6 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 1.65 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 2 (10°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 2.56 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 3.6 (30°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 4.8 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 6.2 (50°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 7.7 (60°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 9.8 (70°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 12.3 (80°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 17 (90°C) [
Ref.
]
1-propanol
: 18.06 (98°C) [
Ref.
]
2-propanol
: 2.6 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
acrylic acid 70,91%
: 97.043 (35°C) [
Ref.
]
acrylic acid 70,91%
: 119.7 (50°C) [
Ref.
]
acrylic acid 70,91%
: 172.32 (70°C) [
Ref.
]
allyl alcohol
: 9.37 (19.4°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 25.1 (-26.6°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 63.52 (5.8°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 107.6 (23.9°C) [
Ref.
]
benzene
: slightly soluble [
Ref.
]
chloroform
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
diethyl ether
: 0.00056 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 2.6 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 4 (10°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 5.4 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 6.73 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 6.2 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 7.2 (30°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 9.3 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 9.16 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 11.7 (50°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 15.1 (60°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 20.2 (70°C) [
Ref.
]
ethyl acetate
: 0.08 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
ethylene glycol
: 44 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
glycerol
: 50 (15°C) [
Ref.
]
glycerol 74,72%
: 69.58 (35°C) [
Ref.
]
glycerol 74,72%
: 93.37 (50°C) [
Ref.
]
glycerol 74,72%
: 110.35 (60°C) [
Ref.
]
glycerol 74,72%
: 145.77 (70°C) [
Ref.
]
hydrogen fluoride
: very soluble [
Ref.
]
i-amyl alcohol
: 0.7 (10°C) [
Ref.
]
i-amyl alcohol
: 1.2 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
i-amyl alcohol
: 1.6 (30°C) [
Ref.
]
i-amyl alcohol
: 2.1 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
i-amyl alcohol
: 5.5 (90°C) [
Ref.
]
i-butanol
: 6.2 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
methanol
: 3.48 (-18.1°C) [
Ref.
]
methanol
: 15 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
methanol
: 22 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
methanol
: 62.8 (60°C) [
Ref.
]
pyridine
: 0.96 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
pyridine 50% aq.
: 21.53 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
sulfur dioxide
: soluble [
Ref.
]
water
: miscible [
Ref.
]
water
: 67 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 84 (10°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 104.7 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 136 (30°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 165.4 (39.7°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 205 (50°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 206.4 (50.6°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 246 (60°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 295 (68.5°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 314.6 (70°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 400 (80°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 525 (90°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 733 (100°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 2122 (120°C) [
Ref.
]
Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):
water 43.1%, urea 55.8%, calcium sulfate 1.1%, 25 °C, separating phase: (NH2)2CO + CaSO4 * 4(NH2)2CO [
Ref.
]
water 47.1%, urea 51.5%, calcium sulfate 1.4%, 25 °C, separating phase: CaSO4 * 2H2O + CaSO4 * 4(NH2)2CO [
Ref.
]
Properties of solutions:
10% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm
3
) = 1.0255 (20°)
Boiling point (°C) = 100.8
20% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.185 (20°)
Density (g/cm
3
) = 1.052 (20°)
Boiling point (°C) = 102.2
30% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm
3
) = 1.081 (20°)
Boiling point (°C) = 103.7
40% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm
3
) = 1.1085 (20°)
Boiling point (°C) = 105.4
44% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.7 (20°)
Density (g/cm
3
) = 1.1239 (20°)
Index of refraction = 1.4018 (20°)
Freezing point (°C) = -17.62
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1773
Critical relative humidity (%): 75.6
Bitter taste threshold concentrations (mM): 100
Not numerical data:
hygroscopic
Density:
1.33 (25°C, g/cm
3
)
Reactions:
Yeild 68%. [
Ref.1
]
24(NH
2
)
2
CO + 9Cl
2
→ 18NH
4
Cl + 3N
2
+ 8(CONH)
3
[
Ref.1
]
CO(NH
2
)
2
+ Na → NaOH + H
2
NCN
Refractive index (n
D
):
1.484 (20°C)
Dissociation:
pK
BH
+
(1) = 0.1 (21°C, water)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
-333.3 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
-197.3 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
104.67 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
93.198 (s)
References:
Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 55-62
Yalkowsky S.H., Yan H. Handbook of aqueous solubility data. - CRC Press, 2003. - pp. 10
Вирпша З., Бжезиньский Я. Аминопласты. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 13-18 [Russian]
Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.2. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 48 [Russian]
Гордон А., Форд Р. Спутник химика. - М.: Мир, 1976. - pp. 73 [Russian]
Горловский Д.М., Альтшулер Л.Н., Кучерявый В.И. Технология карбамида. - Л.: Химия, 1981 [Russian]
Зотов А.Т. Мочевина. - М.: ГНТИХЛ, 1963 [Russian]
Каррер П. Курс органической химии. - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1960. - pp. 2 [Russian]
Краткая химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3: Мальтаза-Пиролиз. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1964. - pp. 328-331 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 510 [Russian]
Позин М.Е. Технология минеральных солей (удобрений, пестицидов, промышленных солей, окислов и кислот). - Ч.2. - Л.: Химия, 1974. - pp. 1282-1302 [Russian]
Справочник азотчика. - М.: Химия, 1987. - pp. 247-288 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 374-375 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.2. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1962. - pp. 1132-1133, 1154-1158 [Russian]
Справочник химика. - Т. 2. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1964. - pp. 800-801 [Russian]
Успехи химии. - 1965. - Т.34, №12. - pp. 2124-2143 [Russian]
Хёрд Ч.Д. Пиролиз соединений углерода. - Л.-М.: ГОНТИ РКТП СССР, 1938. - pp. 599-600 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 144-145 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru