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Properties of substance:

2-propenoic acid

Synonyms:

acrylic acid

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C3H4O2

Structural formula as text:

CH2=CHCOOH

Molar/atomic mass: 72.0627

Melting point (°C):

13

Boiling point (°C):

141.6

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetone: soluble [Ref.]
benzene: soluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: miscible [Ref.]
ethanol: miscible [Ref.]
water: miscible [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1860

Density:

1.0511 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions of synthesis:

  1. [Ref.1]
    CH3COCHCl2 + 2K2CO3 → CH2=CHCOOK + 2KCl + KHCO3 + CO2
    CH2=CHCOOK + HCl → CH2=CHCOOH + KCl

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 45%. [Ref.1]
    CH2=CHCOOH + 2SF4 → CF3CH=CH2 + 2SOF2 + HF
  2. Yeild 74%. [Ref.1]
    C6H5Br + CH2=CHCOOH + (CH3CH2CH2CH2)3N → C6H5CH=CHCOOH + (CH3CH2CH2CH2)3NHBr
  3. [Ref.1]
    CH2=CHCOOH + HN3 + H2O → CH3COCOOH + NH3 + N2

Refractive index (nD):

1.4224 (20°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

7.76 (20°C)
22 (40°C)
240 (100°C)

Dissociation:

pKa (1) = 4.26 (25°C, water)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-384.09 (l)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

11.16

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

37.24

Heat of combustion (kJ/mol):

1376

LD50 (mg/kg):

830 (white mice, oral)
250 (rabbits, oral)
1250 (rats, oral)

References:

  1. Gangolli S. The Dictionary of Substances and their Effects. - 2 ed., Vol. 1, A-B. - RSC, 1999. - pp. 71-74
  2. Lewis R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. - 11ed. - Wiley-interscience, 2004. - pp. 69
  3. Milne G.W.A. Gardner's Commercially Important Chemicals. - Wiley-Interscience, 2005. - pp. 12
  4. Ахметов Б.В. Задачи и упражнения по физической и коллоидной химии. - Л.: Химия, 1989. - pp. 229 [Russian]
  5. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.2. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 18 [Russian]
  6. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 121 [Russian]
  7. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 70-71 [Russian]
  8. Химический энциклопедический словарь. - Под ред. Кнунянц И.Л. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. - pp. 17 [Russian]
  9. Шефтель В.О. Полимерные материалы: Токсические свойства. - Л.: Химия, 1982. - pp. 54 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru