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Properties of substance:
calcium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
cubic metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Ca
Structural formula as text:
Ca
Molar/atomic mass: 40.08
Melting point (°C):
842
Boiling point (°C):
1495
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
ammonia liquid
: slightly soluble (-78°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 44.83 (-33.4°C) [
Ref.
]
benzene
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
calcium chloride fused
: 2 (1000°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: reaction [
Ref.
]
gallium
: 1 (500°C) [
Ref.
]
hydrazine
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.3 (18°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 2.25 (270°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium fused
: practically insoluble (97.5°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium fused
: 8.1 (710°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: reaction [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1808
Density:
1.54 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Reactions of synthesis:
[
Ref.1
]
CaC
2
→ Ca + 2C
Reactions:
[
Ref.1
]
Ca + H
2
→ CaH
2
[
Ref.1
]
Ca + 2C → CaC
2
[
Ref.1
]
2CeCl
3
+ 3Ca → 2Ce + 3CaCl
2
Half-life:
35
20
Ca = 25.7 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (95.7%))
36
20
Ca = 102 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (56.8%))
37
20
Ca = 181.1 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (82.1%))
38
20
Ca = 440 ms (β
+
(100%))
39
20
Ca = 859.6 ms (β
+
(100%))
40
20
Ca = stable ( (isotopic abundance 96,941%))
41
20
Ca = 102 000 y (electron capture (100%))
42
20
Ca = stable ( (isotopic abundance 0,647%))
43
20
Ca = stable ( (isotopic abundance 0,135%))
44
20
Ca = stable ( (isotopic abundance 2,086%))
45
20
Ca = 162.67 d (β
-
(100%))
46
20
Ca = stable ( (isotopic abundance 0,004%))
47
20
Ca = 4.536 d (β
-
(100%))
48
20
Ca = 5.6 · 10
19
y ( (isotopic abundance 0,187%))
49
20
Ca = 8.718 min (β
-
(100%))
50
20
Ca = 13.9 s (β
-
(100%))
51
20
Ca = 10.0 s (β
-
(100%))
52
20
Ca = 4.6 s (β
-
(100%))
53
20
Ca = 461 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (40%))
54
20
Ca = 90 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n )
55
20
Ca = 22 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n )
56
20
Ca = 11 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.1 (689°C)
1 (808°C)
10 (970°C)
100 (1200°C)
Electrode potential:
Ca
2+
+ 2e
-
→ Ca, E = -2.866 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
41.63 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
26.28 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
9.2
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
153.6
References:
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 50 [Russian]
Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 71 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 293-294 [Russian]
Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 195 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru