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Properties of substance:
bismuth
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
hexagonal metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Bi
Structural formula as text:
Bi
Molar/atomic mass: 208.98
Melting point (°C):
271.4
Boiling point (°C):
1552
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
ammonia liquid
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
bismuth tribromide
: 38 (294°C) [
Ref.
]
bismuth trichloride
: 36 (320°C) [
Ref.
]
bismuth triiodide
: 24.6 (336°C) [
Ref.
]
gallium
: practically insoluble (30°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 1.42 (18°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: miscible (267°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 2.5
Density:
9.8 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
10.27 (271°C, g/cm
3
)
10.03 (300°C, g/cm
3
)
9.91 (400°C, g/cm
3
)
9.66 (600°C, g/cm
3
)
9.2 (962°C, g/cm
3
)
Half-life:
184
83
Bi = 6.6 ms ()
184m
83
Bi = 13 ms ()
185
83
Bi = 2 ms (about) ()
185m
83
Bi = 49 μs (p (85%), α (15%))
186
83
Bi = 14.8 ms (α (about 100%))
186m
83
Bi = 9.8 ms (α (about 100%))
187
83
Bi = 37 ms (α (100%))
187m
83
Bi = 320 μs (α (> 50%))
187n
83
Bi = 7 μs (internal transition (100%))
188
83
Bi = 44 ms ()
188m
83
Bi = 220 ms ()
189
83
Bi = 658 ms (α (about 100%))
190
83
Bi = 6.3 s (α (77%))
191
83
Bi = 11.7 s (α (51%))
192
83
Bi = 34.6 s (β
+
(88%), α (12%))
193
83
Bi = 63.6 s ()
194
83
Bi = 95 s (β
+
(about 100%), α (0.46%))
195
83
Bi = 183 s (β
+
(about 100%), α (0.03%))
196
83
Bi = 5.1 min (β
+
(about 100%), α (0.00115%))
197
83
Bi = 9.33 min (β
+
(100%))
198
83
Bi = 10.3 min (β
+
(100%))
199
83
Bi = 27 min (β
+
(100%))
200
83
Bi = 36.4 min (β
+
(100%))
201
83
Bi = 103 min (β
+
(100%))
202
83
Bi = 1.72 h (β
+
(100%))
203
83
Bi = 11.76 h (β
+
(100%))
204
83
Bi = 11.22 h (β
+
(100%))
205
83
Bi = 15.31 d (β
+
(100%))
206
83
Bi = 6.243 d (β
+
(100%))
207
83
Bi = 31.20 y (β
+
(100%))
208
83
Bi = 368 000 y (β
+
(100%))
209
83
Bi = 1.9 · 10
19
y (α (100%); mass excess -18258,5 keV (isotopic abundance 100%))
210
83
Bi = 5.012 d (β
-
(100%), α (0.000132%))
211
83
Bi = 2.14 min (α (about 100%), β
-
(0.276%))
212
83
Bi = 60.55 min (β
-
(64.06%), α (35.94%), β
-
α (0.014%))
213
83
Bi = 45.61 min (β
-
(97.91%), α (2.09%))
214
83
Bi = 19.9 min (β
-
(about 100%), α (0.021%), β
-
α (0.003%))
215
83
Bi = 7.6 min (β
-
(100%))
216
83
Bi = 2.25 min (β
-
(about 100%))
217
83
Bi = 98.5 s (β
-
(100%))
218
83
Bi = 33 s (β
-
(100%))
219
83
Bi = 8.7 s (β
-
(100%))
220
83
Bi = 9.5 s (β
-
(100%))
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.01 (487°C)
0.1 (614°C)
1 (767°C)
10 (947°C)
100 (1144°C)
Electrode potential:
Bi
3+
+ 3e
-
→ Bi, E = 0.215 V (water, 25°C)
Viscosity (mPa·s):
1.66 (304°C)
1.27 (461°C)
1 (600°C)
Surface tension (mN/m):
388 (300°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
56.9 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
26 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
11.05
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
177
LD
50
(mg/kg):
5000 (rats, oral)
References:
Lewis R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. - 11ed. - Wiley-interscience, 2004. - pp. 512-513
Гордон А., Форд Р. Спутник химика. - М.: Мир, 1976. - pp. 462 [Russian]
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 50 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 468-469 [Russian]
Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 58 [Russian]
Справочник по редким металлам. - М.: Мир, 1965. - pp. 122-129 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 379-380 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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