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Properties of substance:

gold

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

yellow cubic metal

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Au

Structural formula as text:

Au

Molar/atomic mass: 196.97

Melting point (°C):

1063.4

Boiling point (°C):

2880

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

ethanol: insoluble [Ref.]
gallium: 1126 (500°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.129 (20°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.3152 (60.32°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.697 (101.2°C) [Ref.]
sodium fused: 17.7 (98°C) [Ref.]
water: insoluble [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Thermal conductivity (W/m·K): 311.5
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 2.5

Density:

19.3 (20°C, g/cm3)
17 (1063°C, d4)

Reactions:

  1. [Ref.1]
    Au + HNO3 + 4HCl → H[AuCl4] + NO + 2H2O
  2. [Ref.1, Ref.2aster, Ref.3]
    2Au + 3Cl2 → 3AuCl3
  3. [Ref.1]
    2Au + 3F2 → 2AuF3
  4. [Ref.1]
    2Au + 3Br2 → 2AuBr3
  5. [Ref.1]
    Au + 2Te → AuTe2
  6. [Ref.1]
    7KrF2 + 2Au → 2KrF[AuF6] + 5Kr
  7. [Ref.1]
    4Au + 8KCN + O2 + 2H2O → 4K[Au(CN)2] + 4KOH
  8. [Ref.1]
    Au + 2SC(NH2)2 + FeCl3 → [Au(SC(NH2)2)2]Cl + FeCl2
  9. [Ref.1]
    2Au + I2 + 2KI → 2K[AuI2]
  10. [Ref.1]
    2Au + 3H2SeO4 → Au2O(SeO3)2 + H2SeO3 + 2H2O
  11. [Ref.1]
    Au + 3F2 + O2 → O2AuF6

Half-life:

17079Au = 310 μs (p (85%), α (15%))
170m79Au = 630 μs (p (75%))
17179Au = 30 μs (p (about 100%))
171m79Au = 1.014 ms (p (46%), α (54%))
17279Au = 4.7 ms ()
17379Au = 25 ms (α (86%))
173m79Au = 14.0 ms (α (89%))
17479Au = 139 ms (α (90%))
174m79Au = 171 ms ()
17579Au = 100 ms ()
175m79Au = 156 ms ()
17679Au = 1.08 s ()
176m79Au = 860 ms ()
17779Au = 1.46 s (α (about 100%))
177m79Au = 1.180 s (α (about 100%))
177n79Au = 7 ns (internal transition (100%))
17879Au = 2.6 s ()
17979Au = 7.1 s (β+ (78.0%), α (22.0%))
18079Au = 8.1 s (β+ (> 98.2%), α)
18179Au = 13.7 s ()
18279Au = 15.5 s (β+ (99.87%), α (0.13%))
18379Au = 42.8 s (β+ (99.45%), α (0.55%))
18479Au = 20.6 s (β+ (about 100%), α )
184m79Au = 47.6 s ()
18579Au = 4.25 min (β+ (99.74%), α (0.26%))
185m79Au = 6.8 min ()
18679Au = 10.7 min (β+ (about 100%), α (0.0008%))
186m79Au = 110 ns (internal transition (100%))
18779Au = 8.3 min (β+ (about 100%), α )
187m79Au = 2.3 s (internal transition (100%))
18879Au = 8.84 min (β+ (100%))
18979Au = 28.7 min (β+ (about 100%), α)
189m79Au = 4.59 min (β+ (about 100%), internal transition)
189n79Au = 190 ns (internal transition (100%))
189p79Au = 242 ns (internal transition (100%))
19079Au = 42.8 min (β+ (about 100%), α)
190m79Au = 125 ms (internal transition (about 100%))
19179Au = 3.18 h (β+ (100%))
191m79Au = 920 ms (internal transition (100%))
191n79Au = 402 ns (internal transition (100%))
19279Au = 4.94 h (β+ (100%))
192m79Au = 29 ms (internal transition (100%))
192n79Au = 160 ms (internal transition (100%))
19379Au = 17.65 h (β+ (about 100%), α)
193m79Au = 3.9 s (internal transition (about 100%))
193n79Au = 150 ns (internal transition (100%))
19479Au = 38.02 h (β+ (100%))
194m79Au = 600 ms (internal transition (100%))
194n79Au = 420 ms (internal transition (100%))
19579Au = 186.10 d (electron capture (100%))
195m79Au = 30.5 s (internal transition (100%))
19679Au = 6.1669 d (β+ (92.8%), β- (7.2%))
196m79Au = 8.1 s (internal transition (100%))
196n79Au = 9.6 h (internal transition (100%))
19779Au = stable (mass excess -31141,1 keV (isotopic abundance 100%))
197m79Au = 7.73 s (internal transition (100%))
197n79Au = 150 ns (internal transition (100%))
19879Au = 2.6948 d (β- (100%))
198m79Au = 124 ns (internal transition (100%))
198n79Au = 2.272 d (internal transition (100%))
19979Au = 3.139 d (β- (100%))
199m79Au = 440 μs (internal transition (100%))
20079Au = 48.4 min (β- (100%))
200m79Au = 18.7 h (β- (82%), internal transition (18%))
20179Au = 26.0 min (β- (100%))
201m79Au = 730 μs (internal transition (100%))
201n79Au = 5.6 μs (internal transition (100%))
20279Au = 28.4 s (β- (100%))
20379Au = 60 s (β- (100%))
203m79Au = 140 μs (internal transition (100%))
20479Au = 38.2 s (β- (100%))
204m79Au = 2.1 μs (internal transition (100%))
20579Au = 32.5 s (β- (100%))
205m79Au = 6 s ()
205n79Au = 163 ns (internal transition (100%))

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.01 (1403°C)
0.1 (1574°C)
10 (2055°C)
100 (2412°C)

Electrode potential:

Au3+ + 3e- → Au, E = 1.498 V (water, 25°C)
Au+ + e- → Au, E = 1.692 V (water, 25°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

1120 (1200°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

47.4 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

25.4 (s)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

12.55

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

348.5

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

368.8 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

180.4 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

20.8 (g)

References:

  1. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 114-116
  2. Бусев А.И., Иванов В.М. Аналитическая химия золота. - М.: Наука, 1973 [Russian]
  3. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.3. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 342 [Russian]
  4. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 50 [Russian]
  5. Девяткин В.В., Ляхова Ю.М. Химия для любознательных, или о чем не узнаешь на уроке. - Ярославль: Академия Холдинг, 2000. - pp. 32, 41-42 [Russian]
  6. Металлургия благородных металлов. - М.: Металлургия, 1987. - pp. 13-36 [Russian]
  7. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.2. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 245, 248-250, 254-256 [Russian]
  8. Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
  9. Николаева Л.А. О чем рассказывают золотинки. - М.: Недра, 1990 [Russian]
  10. Паддефет Р. Химия золота. - М.: Мир, 1982 [Russian]
  11. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 64 [Russian]
  12. Реми Г. Курс неорганической химии. - Т.2. - М., 1966. - pp. 439-445 [Russian]
  13. Свойства элементов. - под общей редакцией Дрица М.Е. - М.: Металлургия, 1985. - pp. 79-86 [Russian]
  14. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 593 [Russian]
  15. Степин Б.Д., Цветков А.А. Неорганическая химия. - М.: Высшая школа, 1994. - pp. 398-400 [Russian]
  16. Физические величины. - Под ред. Григорьева И.С., Мейлихова Е.З. - М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1991. - pp. 1189 [Russian]
  17. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 171-173 [Russian]
  18. Химический энциклопедический словарь. - Под ред. Кнунянц И.Л. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. - pp. 206 [Russian]
  19. Химия в интересах устойчивого развития. - 2001. - Т.9, №2. - pp. 293-298 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru