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Properties of substance:

zirconium

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

hexagonal metal

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Zr

Structural formula as text:

Zr

Molar/atomic mass: 91.22

Melting point (°C):

1855

Boiling point (°C):

4320

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

lithium molten: 0.079 (700°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.0005 (350°C) [Ref.]
sodium fused: 0.0075 (700°C) [Ref.]
water: insoluble [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1824
Superconducting temperature (K): 0.53
Superconducting temperature (K): 0.72
Superconducting temperature (K): 1.5

Density:

6.45 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. [Ref.1]
    Zr + 2F2 → ZrF4
  2. [Ref.1]
    Zr + 2Br2 → ZrBr4

Half-life:

10040Zr = 7.1 s (β- (100%))
10140Zr = 2.3 s (β- (100%))
10240Zr = 2.9 s (β- (100%))
10340Zr = 1.38 s (β- (100%))
10440Zr = 920 ms (β- (100%))
10540Zr = 670 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
10640Zr = 178.6 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
10740Zr = 145.7 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
10840Zr = 78.5 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
108m40Zr = 540 ns (internal transition (about 100%))
10940Zr = 56 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
11040Zr = 37.5 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
11140Zr = 24.0 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
11240Zr = 43 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
7940Zr = 56 ms (β+ (100%))
8040Zr = 4.6 s (β+ (100%))
8140Zr = 5.5 s (β+ (100%), β+p (0.12%))
8240Zr = 32 s (β+ (100%))
8340Zr = 42 s (β+ (100%))
83m40Zr = 530 ns (internal transition (100%))
83n40Zr = 1.8 μs (internal transition (100%))
8440Zr = 25.8 min (β+ (100%))
8540Zr = 7.86 min (β+ (100%))
85m40Zr = 10.9 s (internal transition (< 100%))
8640Zr = 16.5 h (β+ (100%))
8740Zr = 1.68 h (β+ (100%))
87m40Zr = 14.0 s (internal transition (100%))
8840Zr = 83.4 d (electron capture (100%))
88m40Zr = 1.320 μs (internal transition (100%))
8940Zr = 78.41 h (β+ (100%))
89m40Zr = 4.161 min (internal transition (100%))
9040Zr = stable ( (isotopic abundance 51,45%))
90m40Zr = 809.2 ms (internal transition (100%))
90n40Zr = 131 ns (internal transition (100%))
9140Zr = stable ( (isotopic abundance 11,22%))
91m40Zr = 4.35 μs (internal transition (100%))
9240Zr = stable ( (isotopic abundance 17,15%))
9340Zr = 1 610 000 y (β- (100%))
9440Zr = stable ( (isotopic abundance 17,38%))
9540Zr = 64.032 d (β- (100%))
9640Zr = 2.3 · 1019 y (2β- (100%) (isotopic abundance 2,8%))
9740Zr = 16.749 h (β- (100%))
97m40Zr = 104.8 ns (internal transition (100%))
9840Zr = 30.7 s (β- (100%))
98m40Zr = 1.9 μs (internal transition (100%))
9940Zr = 2.1 s (β- (100%))
99m40Zr = 293 ns (internal transition (100%))

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.01 (2390°C)
0.1 (2645°C)
1 (2955°C)
10 (3335°C)

Electrode potential:

Zr4+ + 4e- → Zr, E = -1.539 V (water, 25°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

39 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

25.36 (s)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

14.6

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

557.7

References:

  1. Dean J.A. Lange's handbook of chemistry. - 1999. - pp. 3.60
  2. Блюменталь У.Б. Химия циркония. - М.: ИИЛ, 1963 [Russian]
  3. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 52 [Russian]
  4. Миллер Г.Л. Цирконий. - М.: ИИЛ, 1955 [Russian]
  5. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 113 [Russian]
  6. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 5. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1999. - pp. 384-386 [Russian]
  7. Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 254-256 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru