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Properties of substance:
sulfur rhombic
skc-file
Synonyms:
sulfur orthorhombic
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
yellow rhombic crystals
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
S
8
Structural formula as text:
S8
Molar/atomic mass: 256.52
Melting point (°C):
112.8
Boiling point (°C):
444.6
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
1,2-dichloroethane
: 0.833 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
1,2-dichloroethane
: 11.07 (97.5°C) [
Ref.
]
acetone
: 2.5 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 62.87 (-78°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 47.8 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 34.5 (16.4°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 30.4 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
ammonia liquid
: 23 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
amyl alcohol
: 1.5 (95°C) [
Ref.
]
aniline
: 85.96 (130°C) [
Ref.
]
arsenic trichloride
: very soluble [
Ref.
]
benzene
: 1 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
benzene
: 1.2 (8°C) [
Ref.
]
benzene
: 2.1 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
benzene
: 4.5 (50°C) [
Ref.
]
benzene
: 8.7 (70°C) [
Ref.
]
benzine: 4.38 (21°C) [
Ref.
]
benzine: 6.96 (26°C) [
Ref.
]
bromoform
: 3.78 (5.6°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: 1.05 (-109.5°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: 3.674 (-65°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: 10.96 (-25°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: 16.54 (-11°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: 22 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: 46.55 (22°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: 50.4 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: 143.9 (50°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: 257.1 (70°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon tetrachloride
: 0.148 (-24°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon tetrachloride
: 0.34 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon tetrachloride
: 0.84 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
carbon tetrachloride
: 1.83 (50°C) [
Ref.
]
chloroform
: 0.8 (13°C) [
Ref.
]
chloroform
: 1.23 (24°C) [
Ref.
]
diethyl ether
: 0.187 (13°C) [
Ref.
]
diethyl ether
: 0.283 (23°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: 0.065 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol abs.
: 0.051 (15°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol abs.
: 0.053 (18.5°C) [
Ref.
]
ethanol abs.
: 0.42 (78°C) [
Ref.
]
ethyl acetate
: soluble [
Ref.
]
heptane
: slightly soluble [
Ref.
]
hexane
: 0.07 (-20°C) [
Ref.
]
hexane
: 0.16 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
hexane
: 0.25 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
hexane
: 0.55 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
hexane
: 2.88 (100°C) [
Ref.
]
hydrazine
: soluble with reaction 54 [
Ref.
]
hydrogen fluoride
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
iodine liquid
: soluble [
Ref.
]
kerosene: 16.1 (158°C) [
Ref.
]
linseed oil: 0.9 (5°C) [
Ref.
]
methanol
: 0.028 (18.5°C) [
Ref.
]
methylamine
: very soluble [
Ref.
]
oil of turpentine: 1.35 (10°C) [
Ref.
]
pentachloroethane
: 1.197 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
phenol
: 16.35 (174°C) [
Ref.
]
pyridine
: 1.5 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
pyridine
: 11.7 (84.5°C) [
Ref.
]
sulfur dioxide
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
sulfur monochloride
: 7.3 (-20°C) [
Ref.
]
sulfur monochloride
: 13.28 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
sulfur monochloride
: 25.52 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
sulfur monochloride
: 51.5 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
tetrachloroethene
: 1.53 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
tin tetrachloride
: 5.8 (99°C) [
Ref.
]
toluene
: 0.91 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
toluene
: 1.82 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
toluene
: 3.21 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
toluene
: 6.3 (60°C) [
Ref.
]
trichloroethylene
: 1.63 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
trimethylamine
: sparingly soluble [
Ref.
]
water
: 0.0000005 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
Properties of solutions:
20% (wt.), solvent - carbon disulphide
Density (g/cm
3
) = 1.3709 (15°)
Density:
2.07 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
1.7988 (125°C, d
4
)
Reactions:
[
Ref.1
,
Ref.2
,
Ref.3
]
S + 3F
2
→ SF
6
[
Ref.1
]
2S + Cl
2
→ S
2
Cl
2
[
Ref.1
]
S
8
+ Cl
2
→ S
8
Cl
2
[
Ref.1
]
2K + S → K
2
S
[
Ref.1
,
Ref.2
]
2Ag + S → Ag
2
S
[
Ref.1
]
2H
2
SO
4
+ S → 3SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
[
Ref.1
]
S + H
2
→ H
2
S
[
Ref.1
]
16NH
3
+ 10S → S
4
N
4
+ 6(NH
4
)
2
S
[
Ref.1
]
2Sb + 3S → Sb
2
S
3
[
Ref.1
]
4Na
2
O + 4S → 3Na
2
S + Na
2
SO
4
[
Ref.1
]
S + 4ClF → SF
4
+ 2Cl
2
[
Ref.1
]
Si + 2S → SiS
2
[
Ref.1
]
K
2
S + 3S → K
2
S
4
[
Ref.1
]
2NaSH + 3S → Na
2
S
4
+ H
2
S
[
Ref.1
]
2NOCl + 2S → S
2
Cl
2
+ 2NO
[
Ref.1
]
6S + CCl
4
→ CS
2
+ 2S
2
Cl
2
Half-life:
27
16
S = 21 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
2p (2%))
28
16
S = 125 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (20.7%))
29
16
S = 187 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (46.4%))
30
16
S = 1.178 s (β
+
(100%))
31
16
S = 2.572 s (β
+
(100%))
32
16
S = stable ( (isotopic abundance 95,02%))
33
16
S = stable ( (isotopic abundance 0,75%))
34
16
S = stable ( (isotopic abundance 4,21%))
35
16
S = 87.51 d. (β
-
(100%))
36
16
S = stable ( (isotopic abundance 0,02%))
37
16
S = 5.05 min (β
-
(100%))
38
16
S = 170.3 min (β
-
(100%))
39
16
S = 11.5 s (β
-
(100%))
40
16
S = 8.8 s (β
-
(100%))
41
16
S = 1.99 s (β
-
(100%))
42
16
S = 1.013 s (β
-
(100%))
43
16
S = 260 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (40%))
43m
16
S = 480 ns (internal transition (100%))
44
16
S = 123 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (18%))
45
16
S = 82 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (54%))
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.1 (137°C)
1 (182°C)
10 (243°C)
100 (331°C)
Permittivity (dielectric constant):
3.52 (118°C)
Viscosity (mPa·s):
10.94 (123°C)
7.09 (149.5°C)
7.19 (156.3°C)
77.2 (160.3°C)
500 (165°C)
1600 (184°C)
2150 (200°C)
1860 (220°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
31.9 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
22.7 (s)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
272.9 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
167.7 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
23.7 (g)
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
9.2
Critical temperature (°C):
1040
Critical pressure (MPa):
11.8
Critical density (g/cm
3
):
0.119
References:
Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1442-1455
Вредные химические вещества: Неорганические соединения элементов V-VIII групп. Справочник. - Л., 1989. - pp. 170-192 [Russian]
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.2. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 5-27, 34, 57 [Russian]
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Иванова М.А., Кононова М.А. Химический демонстрационный эксперимент. - М.: Высшая школа, 1969. - pp. 31, 36 [Russian]
Малин К.М., Боресков Г.К., Пейсахов И.Л., Слинько М.Г., Смыслов Н.И., Второв М.Н., Аркин Н.Л. Технология серной кислоты и серы. - М.-Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1941. - pp. 14-18 [Russian]
Машковский М.Д. Лекарственные средства. - 12-е изд., Т. 2. - М.: Медицина, 1998. - pp. 372 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 311-312, 319-323 [Russian]
Природная сера. - М.: Химия, 1972 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 96 [Russian]
Реакции серы с органическими соединениями. - Новосибирск: Наука, 1979 [Russian]
Реми Г. Курс неорганической химии. - Т.1. - М., 1963. - pp. 750-756 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 601-616 [Russian]
Справочник сернокислотчика. - Под ред. Малина К.М. - М.: Химия, 1971. - pp. 38-50 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 4. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1995. - pp. 319-321 [Russian]
Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 236 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru