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Properties of substance:
silicon
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
cubic crystals
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Si
Structural formula as text:
Si
Molar/atomic mass: 28.09
Melting point (°C):
1420
Boiling point (°C):
3300
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
aluminum fused
: soluble [
Ref.
]
hydrogen fluoride
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
lead
: 0.024 (1250°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
silver
: 9.22 (970°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1811
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 7
Density:
2.33 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Reactions:
[
Ref.1
]
Si + Cl
2
→ SiCl
4
[
Ref.1
]
Si + 3HBr → SiHBr
3
+ H
2
[
Ref.1
]
Si + 2S → SiS
2
[
Ref.1
,
Ref.2
]
3BaO + Si → BaSiO
3
+ 2Ba
Half-life:
22
14
Si = 29 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (32%))
23
14
Si = 42.3 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (88%))
24
14
Si = 140 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (37.6%))
25
14
Si = 220 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (36.8%))
26
14
Si = 2.234 s (β
+
(100%))
27
14
Si = 4.16 s (β
+
(100%))
28
14
Si = stable ( (isotopic abundance 92,2297%))
29
14
Si = stable ( (isotopic abundance 4,6832%))
30
14
Si = stable ( (isotopic abundance 3,0872%))
31
14
Si = 157.3 min (β
-
(100%))
32
14
Si = 132 y (β
-
(100%))
33
14
Si = 6.18 s (β
-
(100%))
34
14
Si = 2.77 s (β
-
(100%))
35
14
Si = 780 ms (β
-
(100%))
36
14
Si = 450 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (12%))
37
14
Si = 90 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (17%))
38
14
Si = 90 ms (about) ()
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.1 (1477°C)
1 (1665°C)
10 (1910°C)
100 (2239°C)
Surface tension (mN/m):
725 (1450°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
18.82 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
20.04 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
49.8
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
355.6
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
452 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
167.9 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
22.3 (g)
References:
Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1487
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 310-316 [Russian]
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 583, 586-587 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 74 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 595-596 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 508-509 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru