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Properties of substance:

yttrium

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

gray hexagonal metal

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Y

Structural formula as text:

Y

Molar/atomic mass: 88.91

Melting point (°C):

1528

Boiling point (°C):

3300

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

gallium: 1.1 (500°C) [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1794

Density:

4.48 (20°C, g/cm3)

Half-life:

10039Y = 735 ms (β- (100%), β-n (0.92%))
100m39Y = 940 ms (β- (100%), β-n )
10139Y = 426 ms (β- (100%), β-n (1.94%))
101m39Y = 190 ns (internal transition (100%))
101n39Y = 870 ns (internal transition (100%))
10239Y = 298 ms (β- (100%), β-n (4.9%))
10339Y = 239 ms (β- (100%), β-n (8%))
10439Y = 197 ms (β- (100%), β-n (34%))
10539Y = 95 ms (β- (100%), β-n (< 82%))
10639Y = 74 ms (β- (100%), β-n )
10739Y = 33.5 ms (β- (100%), β-n )
10839Y = 30 ms (β- (100%), β-n )
10939Y = 25 ms (β- (100%), β-n)
7739Y = 63 ms ()
7839Y = 54 ms (β+ (100%))
7939Y = 14.8 s (β+ (100%))
8039Y = 30.1 s (β+ (100%))
80m39Y = 4.8 s (internal transition (81%), β+ (19%))
80n39Y = 4.7 μs (internal transition (100%))
8139Y = 70.4 s (β+ (100%))
8239Y = 8.30 s (β+ (100%))
82m39Y = 258 ns (internal transition (100%))
82n39Y = 147 ns (internal transition (100%))
8339Y = 7.08 min (β+ (100%))
83m39Y = 2.85 min (β+ (60%), internal transition (40%))
8439Y = 39.5 min (β+ (100%))
84m39Y = 4.6 s (β+ (100%))
84n39Y = 292 ns (internal transition (100%))
8539Y = 2.68 h (β+ (100%))
85m39Y = 4.86 h (β+ (about 100%), internal transition)
85n39Y = 178 ns (internal transition (100%))
8639Y = 14.74 h (β+ (100%))
86m39Y = 47.4 min (internal transition (99.31%), β+ (0.69%))
86n39Y = 125.3 ns (internal transition (100%))
8739Y = 79.8 h (β+ (100%))
87m39Y = 13.37 h (internal transition (98.43%), β+ (1.57%))
8839Y = 106.626 d (β+ (100%))
88m39Y = 301 μs (internal transition (100%))
88n39Y = 13.98 ms (internal transition (100%))
8939Y = stable ( (isotopic abundance 100%))
89m39Y = 15.663 s (internal transition (100%))
9039Y = 64.00 h (β- (100%))
90m39Y = 3.19 h (internal transition (about 100%), β- (0.0018%))
9139Y = 58.51 d (β- (100%))
91m39Y = 49.71 min (internal transition (> 98.5%), β- (< 1.5%))
9239Y = 3.54 h (β- (100%))
92m39Y = 3.7 μs (internal transition (100%))
9339Y = 10.18 h (β- (100%))
93m39Y = 820 ms (internal transition (100%))
9439Y = 18.7 min (β- (100%))
94m39Y = 1.295 μs (internal transition (100%))
9539Y = 10.3 min (β- (100%))
95m39Y = 48.6 μs (internal transition (100%))
9639Y = 5.34 s (β- (100%))
96m39Y = 9.6 s (β- (100%))
9739Y = 3.75 s (β- (100%), β-n (0.055%))
97m39Y = 1.17 s (β- (> 99.3%))
97n39Y = 142 ms (internal transition (94.8%), β- (5.2%))
9839Y = 548 ms (β- (100%), β-n (0.331%))
98m39Y = 2.0 s ()
98n39Y = 610 ns (internal transition (100%))
98p39Y = 6.87 μs (internal transition (100%))
98q39Y = 806 ns (internal transition (100%))
9939Y = 1.484 s (β- (100%), β-n (1.7%))
99m39Y = 8.6 μs (internal transition (100%))

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.01 (1652°C)
0.1 (1847°C)
1 (2080°C)
10 (2470°C)
100 (2830°C)

Electrode potential:

Y3+ + 3e- → Y, E = -2.372 V (water, 25°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

46 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

25.1 (s)

References:

  1. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 50 [Russian]
  2. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 66 [Russian]
  3. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 277-278 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru