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Properties of substance:

rubidium

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

cubic metal

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Rb

Structural formula as text:

Rb

Molar/atomic mass: 85.47

Melting point (°C):

39.3

Boiling point (°C):

690

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

ammonia liquid : soluble [Ref.]
ethanol: reaction [Ref.]
ethylenediamine: 0.124 (20°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 0.93 (0°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 1.56 (18°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 1.22 (19.5°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 1.39 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: reaction [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1861
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 0.3

Density:

1.532 (20°C, g/cm3)
1.475 (39°C, g/cm3)

Half-life:

10037Rb = 48 ms (β- (100%), β-n (6%), β-2n (0.16%))
10137Rb = 31.8 ms (β- (100%), β-n (28%))
10237Rb = 37 ms (β- (100%), β-n (65%))
10337Rb = 26 ms (β- (100%), β-n )
7437Rb = 64.776 ms (β+ (100%))
7537Rb = 88 ms (β+ (100%), β+p (5.2%))
7637Rb = 36.5 s (β+ (100%), β+α (0.000 000 38%))
76m37Rb = 3.050 μs (internal transition (100%))
7737Rb = 3.78 min (β+ (100%))
7837Rb = 17.66 min (β+ (100%))
78m37Rb = 910 ns (internal transition (100%))
78n37Rb = 5.74 min (β+ (91%), internal transition (9%))
7937Rb = 22.9 min (β+ (100%))
8037Rb = 33.4 s (β+ (100%))
8137Rb = 4.572 h (β+ (100%))
81m37Rb = 30.5 min (internal transition (97.6%), β+ (2.4%))
8237Rb = 1.273 min (β+ (100%))
82m37Rb = 6.472 h (β+ (about 100%))
8337Rb = 86.2 d (electron capture (100%))
83m37Rb = 7.8 ms (internal transition (100%))
8437Rb = 32.82 d (β+ (96.1%), β- (3.9%))
84m37Rb = 20.26 min (internal transition (about 100%))
8537Rb = stable ( (isotopic abundance 72,17%))
85m37Rb = 1.015 μs (internal transition (100%))
8637Rb = 18.642 d (β- (about 100%), electron capture (0.0052%))
86m37Rb = 1.017 min (internal transition (about 100%))
8737Rb = 49 700 000 000 y (2β- (100%) (isotopic abundance 27,83%))
8837Rb = 17.773 min (β- (100%))
88m37Rb = 123 ns (internal transition (100%))
8937Rb = 15.32 min (β- (100%))
9037Rb = 158 s (β- (100%))
90m37Rb = 258 s (β- (97.4%), internal transition (2.6%))
9137Rb = 58.2 s (β- (100%))
9237Rb = 4.48 s (β- (100%), β-n (0.0107%))
9337Rb = 5.84 s (β- (100%), β-n (1.39%))
9437Rb = 2.702 s (β- (100%), β-n (10.5%))
94m37Rb = 107 ns (internal transition (100%))
9537Rb = 377.7 ms (β- (100%), β-n (8.7%))
9637Rb = 201 ms (β- (100%), β-n (13.3%))
96n37Rb = 1.80 μs (internal transition (100%))
9737Rb = 169.1 ms (β- (100%), β-n (25.5%))
9837Rb = 114 ms (β- (100%), β-n (13.8%), β-2n (0.051%))
9937Rb = 56.4 ms (β- (100%), β-n (15.8%))

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.01 (127°C)
0.1 (170°C)
1 (294°C)
10 (387°C)
100 (519°C)

Electrode potential:

Rb+ + e- → Rb, E = -2.925 V (water, 25°C)
Rb+ + Hg + e- → Rb(Hg), E = -1.81 V (water, 25°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (s)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

75.7 (s)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

30.8 (s)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

2.18

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

75.77

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

80.9 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

169.98 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

20.79 (g)

References:

  1. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
  2. Локшин Э.П., Воскобойников Н.Б. Рубидий и цезий. - Апатиты, 1996 [Russian]
  3. Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
  4. Плющев В.Е., Степин Б.Д. Аналитическая химия рубидия и цезия. - М.: Наука, 1975. - pp. 12-13 [Russian]
  5. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 93 [Russian]
  6. Свойства элементов. - под общей редакцией Дрица М.Е. - М.: Металлургия, 1985. - pp. 49-54 [Russian]
  7. Химия и технология редких и рассеянных элементов. - Ч. 1. - М.: Высшая школа, 1976. - pp. 83-85 [Russian]
  8. Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 184-186 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru