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Properties of substance:

butane



skc-file

Synonyms:

n-butane

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless gas

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C4H10

Structural formula as text:

CH3CH2CH2CH3

Molar/atomic mass: 58.12222

Melting point (°C):

-138.35

Boiling point (°C):

-0.5

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

chloroform: soluble [Ref.]
oxygen liquid: 0.032 [Ref.]
water: 0.01824 (3°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.01345 (9°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.01096 (14°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.00868 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.00614 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.00531 (35°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.003836 (50°C) [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Polarizability of molecules (nm3): 0.0082

Density:

0.77 (-183°C, g/cm3)
0.6511 (-50°C, g/cm3)
0.6415 (-40°C, g/cm3)
0.6317 (-30°C, g/cm3)
0.6218 (-20°C, g/cm3)
0.6115 (-10°C, g/cm3)
0.002672 (0°C, g/cm3)
0.6012 (0°C, g/cm3)
0.573 (25°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. Butane pyrolysis at temperatures between 700 C and 840 C generates mainly propylene, ethylene, methane, and hydrogen, with small quantities of ethane and traces of butenes (isomers) and carbon. [Ref.1]
    2CH3CH2CH2CH3 → CH3CH=CH2 + CH4 + 2C2H4 + H2
  2. Yeild 49%. [Ref.1, Ref.2, Ref.3aster]
    2CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 4PCl3 + 2O2 → CH3CH2CH2CH2P(O)Cl2 + CH3CH2CH(CH3)P(O)Cl2 + 2POCl3 + 2HCl

Refractive index (nD):

1.3543 (-13°C)
1.3621 (-25°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.0000000025 (-183°C)
1 (-101°C)
10 (-77.8°C)
40 (-59.1°C)
100 (-44.2°C)
400 (-16.3°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-124.7 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

310 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

97.78 (g)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

4.66

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

21.07

Autoignition temperature (°C):

405

Heat of combustion (kJ/mol):

2657

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-147.3 (l)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

140.9 (l)

Critical temperature (°C):

152.01

Critical pressure (MPa):

3.797

Critical density (g/cm3):

0.228

References:

  1. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - 90ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 5-27
  2. Yalkowsky S.H., Yan H., Jain P. Handbook of aqueous solubility data. – 2nd ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 126
  3. Корольченко А.Я., Корольченко Д.А. Пожаровзрывоопасность веществ и материалов и средства их тушения. - 2 изд, Ч.1. - М.: Ассоциация Пожнаука, 2004. - pp. 260-261 [Russian]
  4. Общая органическая химия. - Т. 1, под ред. Бартона Д. и Оллиса В.Д. - М.: Химия, 1981. - pp. 59-60 [Russian]
  5. Промышленные хлорорганические продукты: Справочник. - М.: Химия, 1978. - pp. 610-611 [Russian]
  6. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 133 [Russian]
  7. Рапопорт Ф.М., Ильинская А.А. Лабораторные методы получения чистых газов. - М., 1963. - pp. 319-323 [Russian]
  8. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 404 [Russian]
  9. Справочник химика. - 2 изд., Т.1. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1966. - pp. 628 [Russian]
  10. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 331 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru