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Properties of substance:
phosphorus(III) chloride
Synonyms:
phosphorus trichloride
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
colorless fuming liquid
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Cl
3
P
Structural formula as text:
PCl3
Molar/atomic mass: 137.33
Melting point (°C):
-90.3
Boiling point (°C):
75.3
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
acetic anhydride
: soluble [
Ref.
]
benzene
: soluble [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: soluble [
Ref.
]
carbon tetrachloride
: soluble [
Ref.
]
chloroform
: soluble [
Ref.
]
diethyl ether
: soluble [
Ref.
]
iron pentacarbonyl
: soluble [
Ref.
]
sulfur dioxide
: soluble [
Ref.
]
water
: reaction [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1808
Density:
1.57 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Reactions of synthesis:
[
Ref.1
]
2P + 3Cl
2
→ 2PCl
3
Reactions:
Yeild 45-50%. [
Ref.1
]
C
6
H
12
+ 2PCl
3
+ O
2
→ C
6
H
11
P(O)Cl
2
+ POCl
3
+ HCl
Yeild 85%. [
Ref.1
]
PCl
3
+ Cl
2
→ PCl
5
Yeild 20%. [
Ref.1
]
C
2
H
6
+ 2PCl
3
+ O
2
→ C
2
H
5
P(O)Cl
2
+ POCl
3
+ HCl
Yeild 32%. [
Ref.1
]
2CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
+ 4PCl
3
+ 2O
2
→ CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
P(O)Cl
2
+ (CH
3
)
2
CHP(O)Cl
2
+ 2POCl
3
+ 2HCl
Yeild 49%. [
Ref.1
,
Ref.2
,
Ref.3
]
2CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
+ 4PCl
3
+ 2O
2
→ CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
P(O)Cl
2
+ CH
3
CH
2
CH(CH
3
)P(O)Cl
2
+ 2POCl
3
+ 2HCl
Yeild 35,2%. [
Ref.1
]
C
5
H
10
+ 2PCl
3
+ O
2
→ C
5
H
9
P(O)Cl
2
+ POCl
3
+ HCl
[
Ref.1
]
CH
4
+ PCl
3
→ CH
3
PCl
2
+ HCl
Refractive index (n
D
):
1.516 (14°C)
Vapour pressure (Torr):
1 (-51.8°C)
10 (-21.5°C)
100 (20.6°C)
Permittivity (dielectric constant):
4.7 (22°C)
Dipole moment (D):
0.78 (20°C)
Surface tension (mN/m):
29.3 (0°C)
21.9 (75°C)
Speed sound (m/s):
944.1 (30°C, aggregative state - liquid)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
-280 (g)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
-260.5 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
311.7 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
74.1 (g)
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
30.5
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
-311.7 (l)
Critical temperature (°C):
290
Critical density (g/cm
3
):
0.52
References:
Везер В. Фосфор и его соединения. - М.: ИИЛ, 1962. - pp. 176-184 [Russian]
Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.3. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 133 [Russian]
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 463-464 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 108 [Russian]
Фурман А.А. Неорганические хлориды (химия и технология). - М.: Химия, 1980. - pp. 295-296 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 5. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1999. - pp. 147 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru