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Properties of substance:

phosphorus(III) chloride

Synonyms:

phosphorus trichloride

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless fuming liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Cl3P

Structural formula as text:

PCl3

Molar/atomic mass: 137.33

Melting point (°C):

-90.3

Boiling point (°C):

75.3

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetic anhydride: soluble [Ref.]
benzene: soluble [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: soluble [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: soluble [Ref.]
chloroform: soluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: soluble [Ref.]
iron pentacarbonyl: soluble [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: soluble [Ref.]
water: reaction [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1808

Density:

1.57 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions of synthesis:

  1. [Ref.1]
    2P + 3Cl2 → 2PCl3

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 45-50%. [Ref.1aster]
    C6H12 + 2PCl3 + O2 → C6H11P(O)Cl2 + POCl3 + HCl
  2. Yeild 85%. [Ref.1aster]
    PCl3 + Cl2 → PCl5
  3. Yeild 20%. [Ref.1]
    C2H6 + 2PCl3 + O2 → C2H5P(O)Cl2 + POCl3 + HCl
  4. Yeild 32%. [Ref.1]
    2CH3CH2CH3 + 4PCl3 + 2O2 → CH3CH2CH2P(O)Cl2 + (CH3)2CHP(O)Cl2 + 2POCl3 + 2HCl
  5. Yeild 49%. [Ref.1, Ref.2, Ref.3aster]
    2CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 4PCl3 + 2O2 → CH3CH2CH2CH2P(O)Cl2 + CH3CH2CH(CH3)P(O)Cl2 + 2POCl3 + 2HCl
  6. Yeild 35,2%. [Ref.1]
    C5H10 + 2PCl3 + O2 → C5H9P(O)Cl2 + POCl3 + HCl
  7. [Ref.1]
    CH4 + PCl3 → CH3PCl2 + HCl

Refractive index (nD):

1.516 (14°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1 (-51.8°C)
10 (-21.5°C)
100 (20.6°C)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

4.7 (22°C)

Dipole moment (D):

0.78 (20°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

29.3 (0°C)
21.9 (75°C)

Speed sound (m/s):

944.1 (30°C, aggregative state - liquid)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-280 (g)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-260.5 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

311.7 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

74.1 (g)

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

30.5

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-311.7 (l)

Critical temperature (°C):

290

Critical density (g/cm3):

0.52

References:

  1. Везер В. Фосфор и его соединения. - М.: ИИЛ, 1962. - pp. 176-184 [Russian]
  2. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.3. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 133 [Russian]
  3. Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 463-464 [Russian]
  4. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 108 [Russian]
  5. Фурман А.А. Неорганические хлориды (химия и технология). - М.: Химия, 1980. - pp. 295-296 [Russian]
  6. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 5. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1999. - pp. 147 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru