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Properties of substance:
polonium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
cubic metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Po
Structural formula as text:
Po
Molar/atomic mass: 210
Melting point (°C):
254
Boiling point (°C):
962
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
water
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1898
Density:
9.4 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Half-life:
188
84
Po = 430 μs ()
189
84
Po = 5 ms ()
190
84
Po = 2.46 ms (α (about 100%))
191
84
Po = 22 ms (α (about 100%))
192
84
Po = 32.2 ms ()
193
84
Po = 420 ms ()
193m
84
Po = 240 ms ()
194
84
Po = 392 ms (α (about 100%))
194m
84
Po = 15 μs (internal transition (100%))
195
84
Po = 4.64 s (α (75%), β
+
(15%))
195m
84
Po = 1.92 s (α (about 90%), β
+
(about 10%))
196
84
Po = 5.56 s (α (94%), β
+
(6%))
196m
84
Po = 850 ns (internal transition (100%))
197
84
Po = 53.6 s ()
197m
84
Po = 28.5 s ()
198
84
Po = 1.77 min (α (57%), β
+
(43%))
198m
84
Po = 29 ns (internal transition (100%))
198n
84
Po = 200 ns (internal transition (100%))
198p
84
Po = 750 ns ()
199
84
Po = 5.48 min (β
+
(92.5%), α (7.5%))
199m
84
Po = 4.17 min (β
+
(73.5%), α (24%), internal transition (2.5%))
200
84
Po = 11.5 min (β
+
(88.9%), α (11.1%))
201
84
Po = 15.3 min (β
+
(98.4%), α (1.6%))
201m
84
Po = 8.9 min (β
+
(41%), α (about 2.9%), internal transition (56%))
202
84
Po = 44.7 min ()
202m
84
Po = 200 ns (internal transition (100%))
203
84
Po = 36.7 min (β
+
(99.89%), α (0.11%))
203m
84
Po = 45 s (internal transition (about 100%))
204
84
Po = 3.53 h (β
+
(99.34%), α (0.66%))
205
84
Po = 1.66 h (β
+
(99.96%), α (0.04%))
205m
84
Po = 58 ms (internal transition (100%))
205n
84
Po = 645 μs ()
206
84
Po = 8.8 d (β
+
(94.55%), α (5.45%))
206m
84
Po = 222 ns (internal transition (100%))
206n
84
Po = 1.05 μs (internal transition (100%))
207
84
Po = 5.8 h (β
+
(99.979%), α (0.021%))
207m
84
Po = 2.79 s (internal transition (100%))
207n
84
Po = 49 μs ()
208
84
Po = 2.898 y (β
+
(0.00223%), α (99.99777%))
209
84
Po = 102 y (α (99.52%), β
+
(0.48%))
210
84
Po = 138.376 d (α (100%))
210m
84
Po = 98.9 ns (internal transition (100%))
211
84
Po = 516 ms (α (100%))
211m
84
Po = 25.2 s (α (99.984%), internal transition (0.016%))
211n
84
Po = 250 ns (internal transition (about 100%))
211p
84
Po = 2 μs (internal transition (about 100%))
212
84
Po = 299 μs (α (100%))
212m
84
Po = 45.1 s (α (99.93%), internal transition (0.07%))
213
84
Po = 4.2 μs (α (100%))
214
84
Po = 164.3 μs (α (100%))
215
84
Po = 1.781 ms (α (99.99977%), β
-
(0.00023%))
216
84
Po = 145 ms (α (100%))
217
84
Po = 1.47 s (α (> 95%))
218
84
Po = 3.10 min (α (99.98%), β
-
(0.02%))
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.01 (343°C)
0.1 (411°C)
1 (498°C)
10 (612°C)
100 (768°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
62.8 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
26.4 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
12.6
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
58.6
References:
Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry. - 1962. - Vol. 4. - pp. 197-209
Holleman A.F., Wiberg E., Wiberg N. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. - Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1995. - pp. 619-622, 626-628
Бекман И.Н. Радиохимия. Том II: Радиоактивные элементы. - М.: Издатель Мархитин П.Ю., 2014. - pp. 73-81 [Russian]
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.2. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 102, 106 [Russian]
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 91 [Russian]
Успехи химии. - 1960. - Т.29, №5. - pp. 686-707 [Russian]
Физические величины. - Под ред. Григорьева И.С., Мейлихова Е.З. - М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1991. - pp. 1034 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 4. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1995. - pp. 53-54 [Russian]
Химический энциклопедический словарь. - Под ред. Кнунянц И.Л. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. - pp. 471 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru