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Properties of substance:
cadmium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
hexagonal metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Cd
Structural formula as text:
Cd
Molar/atomic mass: 112.4
Melting point (°C):
321
Boiling point (°C):
766.5
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
mercury
: 3.4 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 6.3 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 32.3 (100°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 108.3 (200°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 733.3 (300°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: miscible (322°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1817
Superconducting temperature (K): 0.519
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 2
Density:
8.65 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
8 (321°C, d
4
)
7.99 (350°C, g/cm
3
)
7.93 (400°C, g/cm
3
)
7.72 (600°C, g/cm
3
)
Half-life:
100
48
Cd = 49.1 s (β
+
(100%))
101
48
Cd = 1.36 min (β
+
(100%))
102
48
Cd = 5.5 min (β
+
(100%))
103
48
Cd = 7.3 min (β
+
(100%))
104
48
Cd = 57.7 min (β
+
(100%))
105
48
Cd = 55.5 min (β
+
(100%))
106
48
Cd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 1,25%))
107
48
Cd = 6.50 h (β
+
(100%))
108
48
Cd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 0,89%))
109
48
Cd = 461.6 d (electron capture (100%))
109m
48
Cd = 12 μs (internal transition (100%))
109n
48
Cd = 10.9 μs (internal transition (100%))
110
48
Cd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 12,49%))
111
48
Cd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 12,8%))
111m
48
Cd = 48.50 min (internal transition (100%))
112
48
Cd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 24,13%))
113
48
Cd = 8.04 · 10
15
y (β
-
(100%) (isotopic abundance 12,22%))
113m
48
Cd = 13.89 y (β
-
(99.9036%), internal transition (0.0964%))
114
48
Cd = stable ( (isotopic abundance 28,73%))
115
48
Cd = 53.46 h (β
-
(100%))
115m
48
Cd = 44.56 d (β
-
(about 100%), internal transition)
116
48
Cd = 28.7 · 10
18
y (2β
-
(100%) (isotopic abundance 7,49%))
117
48
Cd = 2.49 h (β
-
(100%))
117m
48
Cd = 3.36 h (β
-
(100%))
118
48
Cd = 50.3 min (β
-
(100%))
119
48
Cd = 2.69 min (β
-
(100%))
119m
48
Cd = 2.20 min (β
-
(100%))
120
48
Cd = 50.80 s (β
-
(100%))
121
48
Cd = 13.5 s (β
-
(100%))
121m
48
Cd = 8.3 s (β
-
(100%))
122
48
Cd = 5.24 s (β
-
(100%))
123
48
Cd = 2.10 s (β
-
(100%))
123m
48
Cd = 1.82 s ()
124
48
Cd = 1.25 s (β
-
(100%))
125
48
Cd = 680 ms (β
-
(100%))
125m
48
Cd = 480 ms (β
-
(100%))
125n
48
Cd = 19 μs (internal transition (100%))
126
48
Cd = 513 ms (β
-
(100%))
127
48
Cd = 330 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
127n
48
Cd = 17.5 μs (internal transition (100%))
128
48
Cd = 246 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
128m
48
Cd = 270 ns (internal transition (100%))
128n
48
Cd = 3.56 μs (internal transition (100%))
128p
48
Cd = 6.3 ms (internal transition (100%))
129
48
Cd = 151.5 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
129m
48
Cd = 147 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
129n
48
Cd = 3.6 ms (internal transition (100%))
130
48
Cd = 126.8 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (3.5%))
130m
48
Cd = 240 ns (internal transition (100%))
131
48
Cd = 98 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (3.5%))
132
48
Cd = 82 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n (60%))
133
48
Cd = 61 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n )
134
48
Cd = 65 ms (β
-
(100%), β
-
n)
95
48
Cd = 90 ms ()
96
48
Cd = 880 ms (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (5.5%))
96m
48
Cd = 300 ms (β
+
(100%))
97
48
Cd = 1.10 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (11.8%))
97m
48
Cd = 3.8 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (25%))
98
48
Cd = 9.2 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p )
98m
48
Cd = 189 ns (internal transition (100%))
98n
48
Cd = 240 ns (internal transition (100%))
99
48
Cd = 16 s (β
+
(100%), β
+
p (0.21%), β
+
α)
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.01 (265°C)
1 (394°C)
10 (488°C)
100 (615°C)
Electrode potential:
Cd
2+
+ e
-
→ Cd
+
, E = -1.8 V (water, 25°C)
Cd
2+
+ 2e
-
→ Cd, E = -0.403 V (water, 25°C)
Viscosity (mPa·s):
1.44 (349°C)
1.27 (466°C)
1.15 (550°C)
Surface tension (mN/m):
597 (400°C)
585 (600°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
51.76 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
26.02 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
6.23
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
99.6
References:
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 50 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 66 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 594 [Russian]
Успехи химии. - 1997. - Т.66, №2. - pp. 112 [Russian]
Щербов Д.П., Матвеец В.А. Аналитическая химия кадмия. - М.: Наука, 1973. - pp. 7-23 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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