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Properties of substance:
nickel
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
hexagonal metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Ni
Structural formula as text:
Ni
Molar/atomic mass: 58.7
Melting point (°C):
1455
Boiling point (°C):
2900
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
lithium molten
: 0.15 (700°C) [
Ref.
]
lithium molten
: 0.5 (750°C) [
Ref.
]
lithium molten
: 1.38 (850°C) [
Ref.
]
lithium molten
: 3.3 (950°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 0.00059 (18°C) [
Ref.
]
potassium fused
: 0.0006 (700°C) [
Ref.
]
sodium fused
: 0.0003 (700°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1751
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 3.8
Density:
8.91 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Reactions:
[
Ref.1
]
Ni + F
2
→ NiF
2
Yeild 90-100%. [
Ref.1
]
Ni + 4PF
3
→ Ni(PF
3
)
4
[
Ref.1
]
2Ni + O
2
→ 2NiO
[
Ref.1
]
3Ni + 8HNO
3
→ 3Ni(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
[
Ref.1
]
Ni + 4CO → Ni(CO)
4
[
Ref.1
]
Ni + Al → NiAl
[
Ref.1
]
Ni + Cl
2
→ NiCl
2
Half-life:
48
28
Ni = 2.8 ms (2p (70%), β
+
(30%))
49
28
Ni = 7.5 ms (β
+
(100%))
50
28
Ni = 18.5 ms (β
+
(100%))
51
28
Ni = 23.8 ms (β
+
(100%))
52
28
Ni = 40.8 ms (β
+
(100%))
53
28
Ni = 55.2 ms (β
+
(100%))
54
28
Ni = 104 ms (β
+
(100%))
54m
28
Ni = 152 ns (internal transition (64%), p (36%))
55
28
Ni = 204.7 ms (β
+
(100%))
56
28
Ni = 6.075 d (β
+
(100%))
57
28
Ni = 35.6 h (β
+
(100%))
58
28
Ni = stable ( (isotopic abundance 68,077%))
59
28
Ni = 101 000 y (β
+
(100%))
60
28
Ni = stable ( (isotopic abundance 26,223%))
61
28
Ni = stable ( (isotopic abundance 1,1399%))
62
28
Ni = stable ( (isotopic abundance 3,6346%))
63
28
Ni = 101.2 y (β
-
(100%); mass excess -65512,8 keV)
63m
28
Ni = 1.67 μs (internal transition (100%))
64
28
Ni = stable ( (isotopic abundance 0,9255%))
65
28
Ni = 2.5175 h (β
-
(100%))
65m
28
Ni = 69 μs (internal transition (100%))
66
28
Ni = 54.6 h (β
-
(100%))
67
28
Ni = 21 s (β
-
(100%))
67m
28
Ni = 13.3 μs (internal transition (100%))
68
28
Ni = 29 s (β
-
(100%))
68m
28
Ni = 270 ns (internal transition (100%))
68n
28
Ni = 230 ns (internal transition (100%))
68p
28
Ni = 860 μs (internal transition (100%))
69
28
Ni = 11.5 s (β
-
(100%))
69m
28
Ni = 3.5 s (β
-
(100%))
69n
28
Ni = 439 ns (internal transition (100%))
70
28
Ni = 7.0 s (β
-
(100%))
70m
28
Ni = 232 ns (internal transition (100%))
71
28
Ni = 2.56 s (β
-
(100%))
71m
28
Ni = 2.3 s (β
-
(100%))
72
28
Ni = 1.57 s (β
-
(100%))
73
28
Ni = 840 ms (β
-
(100%))
74
28
Ni = 680 ms (β
-
(100%))
75
28
Ni = 341 ms (β
-
(100%), βn
-
(10%))
76
28
Ni = 236 ms (β
-
(100%), βn
-
(14%))
77
28
Ni = 124 ms (β
-
(100%), βn
-
(30%))
78
28
Ni = 140 ms (β
-
(100%), βn
-
(49%))
Vapour pressure (Torr):
1 (1408°C)
10 (1600°C)
100 (1850°C)
Electrode potential:
Ni
2+
+ 2e
-
→ Ni, E = -0.25 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
29.9 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
26.1 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
17.5
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
369.9
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
429 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
182.1 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
23.3 (g)
LD
50
(mg/kg):
780 (rats, oral)
References:
Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1337
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 87 [Russian]
Реми Г. Курс неорганической химии. - Т.2. - М., 1966. - pp. 332-333 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 637 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 240-242 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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