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Properties of substance:
graphite
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
gray hexagonal crystals
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
C
Structural formula as text:
C
Molar/atomic mass: 12.011
Sublimation point (°C):
3700
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
mercury
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
water
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 1.5
Density:
2.265 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Reactions:
Yeild 8%. [
Ref.1
]
2C + H
2
→ C
2
H
2
[
Ref.1
]
K + 8C → KC
8
[
Ref.1
]
K + 16C → KC
16
Half-life:
10
6
C = 19.3 s (β
+
)
11
6
C = 20.3 min (β
+
)
12
6
C = stable (mass excess 0 keV (isotopic abundance 98,93%))
13
6
C = stable (mass excess 3125 keV (isotopic abundance 1,07%))
14
6
C = 5715 y (β
-
)
15
6
C = 2.45 s (β
-
)
16
6
C = 0.75 s (β
-
n)
17
6
C = 0.19 s (β
-
n)
18
6
C = 90 ms (β
-
n)
19
6
C = 50 ms (n)
20
6
C = 10 ms ()
21
6
C = < 30 ns ()
22
6
C = 9 ms (β
-
n)
8
6
C = 0.0020 as (p)
9
6
C = 127 ms ()
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.000000001 (1591°C)
0.00000001 (1690°C)
0.0000001 (1800°C)
0.000001 (1922°C)
0.00001 (2160°C)
0.0001 (2217°C)
0.001 (2396°C)
0.01 (2543°C)
0.1 (2845°C)
1 (3214°C)
10 (3496°C)
100 (4373°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
5.74 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
8.54 (s)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
717 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
158 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
20.8 (g)
References:
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - CRC Press, Inc., 2002. - pp. 11-52
Вредные химические вещества: Неорганические соединения элементов I-IV групп. Справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1988. - pp. 296-300 [Russian]
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 263 [Russian]
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 499, 502, 505-506 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 105 [Russian]
Реми Г. Курс неорганической химии. - Т.1. - М., 1963. - pp. 461-463 [Russian]
Тарасевич М.Р. Электрохимия углеродных материалов. - М.: Наука, 1984. - pp. 18-29 [Russian]
Успехи химии. - 1965. - Т.34, №1. - pp. 132-153 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 607-608 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru