sulfuric acid

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Properties of substance:

sulfuric acid

skc-file

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

colorless viscous liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

H₂O₄S

Structural formula as text:

H2SO4

Molar/atomic mass: 98.07

Melting point (°C):

10.31

Boiling point (°C):

279.6

CAS №: 7664-93-9

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

ethanol: reaction [Ref.]
water: miscible [Ref.]

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

water 99.3%, sulfuric acid 0.486%, calcium sulfate 0.214%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 98.158%, sulfuric acid 1.606%, calcium sulfate 0.236%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 90.691%, sulfuric acid 9.051%, calcium sulfate 0.258%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 82.302%, sulfuric acid 17.49%, calcium sulfate 0.208%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 74.868%, sulfuric acid 25.%, calcium sulfate 0.132%, 25 °C [Ref.]
water 23.03%, sulfuric acid 74.01%, magnesium sulfate 2.96%, 30 °C, separating phase: MgSO4 * 6H2O [Ref.]
water 35.87%, sulfuric acid 56.21%, magnesium sulfate 7.92%, 30 °C, separating phase: MgSO4 * 6H2O [Ref.]
water 1.3%, sulfuric acid 98.56%, magnesium sulfate 0.14%, 12,5 °C, separating phase: MgSO4 * 3H2O [Ref.]
water 87.714%, sulfuric acid 11.34%, silver sulfate 0.946%, 25 °C, separating phase: Ag2SO4 [Ref.]
water 20.24%, sulfuric acid 74.26%, silver sulfate 5.5%, 25 °C, separating phase: Ag2SO4 + β-AgHSO4 [Ref.]
water 14.96%, sulfuric acid 77.9%, silver sulfate 7.14%, 25 °C, separating phase: AgHSO4 [Ref.]
water 10.93%, sulfuric acid 89.%, hydrochloric acid 0.07%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 22.39%, sulfuric acid 77.5%, hydrochloric acid 0.11%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 25.68%, sulfuric acid 73.7%, hydrochloric acid 0.62%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 31.35%, sulfuric acid 65.4%, hydrochloric acid 3.25%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 34.34%, sulfuric acid 59.4%, hydrochloric acid 6.26%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 40.4%, sulfuric acid 44.6%, hydrochloric acid 15.%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 46.6%, sulfuric acid 30.8%, hydrochloric acid 22.6%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 50.6%, sulfuric acid 20.9%, hydrochloric acid 28.5%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 54.%, sulfuric acid 12.8%, hydrochloric acid 33.2%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 55.06%, sulfuric acid 8.04%, hydrochloric acid 36.9%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 56.05%, sulfuric acid 4.75%, hydrochloric acid 39.2%, 17 °C [Ref.]
water 58.24%, sulfuric acid 1.86%, hydrochloric acid 39.9%, 17 °C [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

0,986% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.005 (20°)
4% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.025 (20°)
Freezing point (°C) = -1.2
Boiling point (°C) = 100.68
5% (wt.), solvent - water
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 208.5 (18°)
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 211. (20°)
6,956% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.045 (20°)
9,843% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.065 (20°)
10% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = -4.
Boiling point (°C) = 101.7
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 391.5 (18°)
10,56% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.07 (20°)
11,96% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.08 (20°)
16% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 103.08
16,08% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.11 (20°)
19,42% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.135 (20°)
20% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.1394 (20°)
Freezing point (°C) = -19.
Boiling point (°C) = 104.4
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 652.7 (18°)
26% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 105.91
29,57% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.215 (20°)
30% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.2185 (20°)
Freezing point (°C) = -41.2
Boiling point (°C) = 107.33
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 738.8 (18°)
30,18% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.22 (20°)
35,01% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.26 (20°)
36% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 110.79
36,19% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.27 (20°)
36,5% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = -72.4
37,95% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.285 (20°)
39% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = -58.
40% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.3028 (20°)
Freezing point (°C) = -65.2
Boiling point (°C) = 113.64
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 680. (18°)
40,25% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.305 (20°)
40,82% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.31 (20°)
42% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = -54.
Boiling point (°C) = 115.11
45,8% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.355 (20°)
48% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = -40.
Boiling point (°C) = 120.
49,99% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.395 (20°)
50% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 123.6
56% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 130.85
60% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 5.917 (20°)
Density (g/cm³) = 1.4987 (20°)
Index of refraction = 1.4077 (20°)
Freezing point (°C) = -30.
Boiling point (°C) = 139.88
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 372.6 (18°)
60,17% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.5 (20°)
66% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 153.45
69,96% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.61 (20°)
70% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = -42.
Boiling point (°C) = 164.69
76% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 185.63
79,81% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.725 (20°)
80% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 203.02
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 110.5 (18°)
80,25% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.73 (20°)
81% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = 0.
84,5% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = 8.5
85% (wt.), solvent - water
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 98. (18°)
86% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 230.75
88,5% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = 0.
90% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 255.
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 107.5 (18°)
90,12% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.815 (20°)
93,5% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = -35.5
95,72% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.835 (20°)
96% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 307.8
96,2% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm³) = 1.8064 (50°)
Density (g/cm³) = 1.7871 (70°)
97% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = -10.
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 80. (18°)
98% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 327.2
98,5% (wt.), solvent - water
Freezing point (°C) = 0.
99% (wt.), solvent - water
Boiling point (°C) = 310.
99,4% (wt.), solvent - water
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) = 8.5 (18°)

Numerical data:

Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm): 18.7

Density:

1.8305 (20°C, g/cm³)

Reactions of synthesis:

[Ref.1]
SO₃ + H₂O → H₂SO₄

Reactions:

[Ref.1]
2H₂SO₄ + S → 3SO₂ + 2H₂O
Yeild 70%. [Ref.1, Ref.2, Ref.3, Ref.4]
2H₂SO₄ → H₂S₂O₈ + H₂
[Ref.1]
V + 3H₂SO₄ → VOSO₄ + 2SO₂ + 3H₂O
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
Fe + H₂SO₄ + 7H₂O → FeSO₄ * 7H₂O + H₂
[Ref.1]
2SbCl₃ + 3H₂SO₄ → Sb₂(SO₄)₃ + 6HCl
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
5Cu + 4H₂SO₄ → 3CuSO₄ + Cu₂S + 4H₂O
[Ref.1]
Cu + 2H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂
[Ref.1]
NaN₃ + H₂SO₄ → HN₃ + NaHSO₄
[Ref.1]
2CH₂=C=O + H₂SO₄ → CH₃COOSO₂CH₂COOH
[Ref.1]
NOCl + H₂SO₄ → NOHSO₄ + HCl
[Ref.1]
2KBr + H₂SO₄ → 2HBr + K₂SO₄
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
2NaBH₄ + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + B₂H₆ + 2H₂
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
BaO₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + H₂O₂
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
Na₂O₂ + H₂SO₄ + 10H₂O → H₂O₂ + Na₂SO₄ * 10H₂O
[Ref.1, Ref.2]
K₂Cr₂O₇ + 2H₂SO₄ → 2CrO₃ + 2KHSO₄ + H₂O
[Ref.1, Ref.2, Ref.3]
Na₂Cr₂O₇ + 2H₂SO₄ → 2CrO₃ + 2NaHSO₄ + H₂O
[Ref.1]
Cu₂O + H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + Cu + H₂O
[Ref.1]
Hg + 2H₂SO₄ → HgSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O
[Ref.1]
2Hg + 2H₂SO₄ → Hg₂SO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

Refractive index (n_D):

1.429 (20°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.0005 (25°C)
1 (145.8°C)
10 (194.2°C)
100 (257°C)

Dissociation:

H₀ (1) = -11.94 (25°C)
pK_a (1) = -3 (25°C, water)
pK_a (1) = 4.3 (25°C, acetic acid)
pK_a (1) = 8.47 (25°C, trichloroacetic acid)
pK_a (2) = 1.9 (25°C, water)
pK_s () = 3.6 (25°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

24.54 (25°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-814.2 (l)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-690.3 (l)

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

156.9 (l)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

138.9 (l)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol):

10.7

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):

50.2

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-743.9 (g)

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

301 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

80.8 (g)

Enthalpy (heat) of solution Δ_solH (kJ)

-75.7 (l) [solvent: water, 18°C, 1 mol in 400 mol of water] [Ref.]

References:

Armarego W. L. F. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals. - 5ed. - 2003. - pp. 479
Olah G.A., Prakash G.K.S., Molnar A., Sommer J. Superacid chemistry. - 2ed. - Wiley, 2009. - pp. 47
Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 598-600
Амелин А.Г., Яшке Е.В. Производство серной кислоты. - М.: Высшая школа, 1980 [Russian]
Бабаян Э.А., Гаевский А.В., Бардин Е.В. Правовые аспекты оборота наркотических, психотропных, сильнодействующих, ядовитых веществ и прекурсоров. - М.: МЦФЭР, 2000. - pp. 147 [Russian]
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.2. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 59-64 [Russian]
Гутман В. Химия координационных соединений в неводных растворах. - М.: Мир, 1971. - pp. 93-100 [Russian]
Малин К.М., Боресков Г.К., Пейсахов И.Л., Слинько М.Г., Смыслов Н.И., Второв М.Н., Аркин Н.Л. Технология серной кислоты и серы. - М.-Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1941. - pp. 23-33 [Russian]
Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 60, 337-341 [Russian]
Новый справочник химика и технолога. Общие сведения. Строение вещества. Физические свойства важнейших веществ. Ароматические соединения. Химия фотографических процессов. Номенклатура органических соединений. Техника лабораторных работ. Основы технологии. Интеллектуальная собственность. - СПб.: НПО Профессионал, 2006. - pp. 147 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 97 [Russian]
Соросовский образовательный журнал. - 1998. - №12. - pp. 61 [Russian]
Справочник сернокислотчика. - Под ред. Малина К.М. - М.: Химия, 1971. - pp. 84-134 [Russian]
Справочник химика. - Т. 3. - М.-Л.: Химия, 1965. - pp. 118, 522-523 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 4. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1995. - pp. 325-328 [Russian]

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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru

Properties of substance:

sulfuric acid

Group of substances:

Physical appearance:

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Structural formula as text:

Molar/atomic mass: 98.07

Melting point (°C):

Boiling point (°C):

CAS №: 7664-93-9

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):

Properties of solutions:

Numerical data:

Density:

Reactions of synthesis:

Reactions:

Refractive index (nD):

Vapour pressure (Torr):

Dissociation:

Viscosity (mPa·s):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Enthalpy (heat) of solution ΔsolH (kJ)

References:

Refractive index (n_D):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ_fusH (kJ/mol):

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ_vapH (kJ/mol):

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ_fH⁰ (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

Standard molar entropy S⁰ (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

Enthalpy (heat) of solution Δ_solH (kJ)